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African- American Women and HIV/AIDS

African- American Women and HIV/AIDS. Frances E. Ashe-Goins, R.N. M.P.H Deputy Director and Director of Policy and Program Development U.S. DHHS-Office on Women’s Health. OWH Mission.

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African- American Women and HIV/AIDS

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  1. African- American Women and HIV/AIDS Frances E. Ashe-Goins, R.N. M.P.H Deputy Director and Director of Policy and Program Development U.S. DHHS-Office on Women’s Health

  2. OWH Mission To improve the health and well-being of women across the lifespan by coordinating women's health programs, promoting health education and disease prevention, and leading efforts and fostering partnerships to eliminate health disparities.

  3. AIDS Incidence Cases

  4. No. of Persons (in thousands)

  5. (in thousands) Number of cases

  6. AIDS Rates

  7. HIV/AIDS and Women through 2003 • According to a 1998 CDC study of Job Corps entrants aged 16-21 years, African American women in the study were 7 times as likely as white women and 8 times as likely as Hispanic women to be HIV+. • Sixty-seven percent of the AIDS diagnoses were in African American non-Hispanic women, 16% in Hispanics, 15% in White non-Hispanic women, 1% in Asian-Pacific Islanders and <1% in American Indians/Alaskan Natives • African American and Hispanic women together represented about 25% of all US women, yet they accounted for 83% of AIDS diagnoses reported in 2003

  8. HIV/AIDS and Women through 2003 • In 2001, HIV/AIDS was among the top 4 causes of death for African American women aged 20-54 years and the number 1 cause of death for African American women aged 25-34 years • In 2003, the rate of AIDS (50.2/100,000) for African American women was approximately 25 times the rate (2.0/100,000) for white women and 4 times the rate (12.4/100,000) for Hispanic women. • The leading cause of HIV infection among African American women was heterosexual contact; the next leading cause was injection drug use.

  9. Cultural Issues • Gender Role…in the World of Sex • Male/Female socialization (power …limits female assertion) • Secrets and Sex • Empathetic to Minority Male Oppression • Hygiene…douching, over the counter yeast creams • Distrust…Disbelief

  10. Culture cont. • Myths Around Sexuality • Social and Information Network (HIV/AIDS whispered, closeted) • Stigma (discrimination, isolation) • Little, poor or no communication with Healthcare Providers (influenced by ethnicity, race, gender, class, language, etc)

  11. Socio-Economic Factors • Poverty…low income…part-time employment • Limited education…functional illiteracy • Outside mainstream (weak messages back in the neighborhood) • No relationship to Public Models of PWAs (the FACE of AIDS) • Little or No Influence on Decision Makers and/or Program Designers and/or Service Providers

  12. Socio-Economic Factors Cont. • Limited Time..No Time • Limited Access to Primary Care/ Prevention Screening…no money…no insurance • Living in severely distressed communities • Violence in communities and Families

  13. Other Risk Factors • Migration • The “NEED” to Reproduce • Societal Norms (young women/older men; concurrent partners of males • Histories of Trauma (childhood sexual abuse, incest, domestic violence) • Male Female Ratio Deficit (Blacks in 30’s where whites are in their 60’s)

  14. Other Risk Factors • Migration • The “NEED” to Reproduce • Societal Norms (young women/older men; concurrent partners of males • Histories of Trauma (childhood sexual abuse, incest, domestic violence) • Male Female Ratio Deficit (Blacks in 30’s where whites are in their 60’s)

  15. OWH HIV Prevention Strategies Group • Formed in 2003, presents women from a broad cross-section of HIV/AIDS service providers in public, private, and nonprofit sectors and consumers. • Meets bi-annually to explore issues critical to women infected and impacted by HIV/AIDS, and to propose potential collaborations and partnerships to address the ongoing epidemic of HIV/AIDS in the lives of American women

  16. OWH/Minority AIDS Initiative HIV/AIDS Funded Programs • Model Mentorship Program • Incarcerated/Newly Released Women • HIV Prevention for women in the rural south • Prevention for young women attending Minority Institutions • HIV Prevention in the U.S. Virgin Islands • HIV Prevention/Care for Women in Puerto-Rico

  17. The Model Mentorship Program for Strengthening Organizational Capacity • Projects for mentorship between minority health organizations and women-based and/or AIDS service organizations (ASO). • Programmatic, administrative, fiscal, and technical assistance is provided to expand the organizational capacity of smaller organizations. • Small organizations become better prepared to operate their agencies and implement successful HIV/AIDS programs independently.

  18. FY 2004-05 Contractors (cont’d) MODEL MENTORSHIP "MENTOR" • Behavior Assessment, Inc. (Los Angeles, CA) • Matrix Public Health Consultants, Inc. (New Haven, CT) • Hinton Hoyt & Associates (Takoma Park, MD) • Community Education Group, Inc. (Washington, DC)

  19. FY 2004-05 Contractors (cont’d) MODEL MENTORSHIP "PROTEGE” • Ministerio Esperanza de Vida, Inc. (Orlando, FL) • Women of Color AIDS Council (Dorchester, MA) • African Advocates Against AIDS (Cary, NC) • Chambers & Associates (Grand Chain, IL) • Women’s Project (Little Rock, AR) • Mujeres Unidas Contra el SIDA (San Antonio, TX) • Emma’s Harvest Home (Mobile, AL) • K.I. Services, Inc.(Alexandria, VA)

  20. Incarcerated and Newly Released Women with HIV/AIDS/STDs Program • Demonstration projects to build a continuum of healthcare and support services provided for incarcerated and newly-released minority women living with HIV/AIDS/STDs.

  21. FY 2004-05 Contractors INCARCERATED & NEWLY RELEASED WOMEN LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS • Action for Community Development Inc. (Boston, MA) • AIDS Foundation Houston, Inc. (Houston, TX) • Positive Outcomes, Inc. (Harwood, MD)

  22. Minority Institutions Initiative FY 2004 HIV prevention project designed for young women attending Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCU), Hispanic Serving Institutions, and Tribal Colleges and Universities

  23. Hispanic Serving Institutions • James Bowman and Associates w/ Houston Community College (Austin, TX) • The Granato Group w/ New Jersey City College (Mclean, VA) • Florida International University (Miami, FL) • National Latina Health Network w/ Passaic College (Washington, DC)

  24. Historically Black Colleges and Universities • The Carter Consultancy w/Jackson State U (Alexandria, VA) • James Bowman and Associates w/ Huston Tillison (Austin, TX) • The Institute for Successful Leadership w/ Bethune Cookman (Orlando, FL) • HERMES, LLC w/North Carolina Central University (Chapel Hill, NC) • The Helix Group, Inc. w/ Bowie State U (Camp Springs, MD) • The Granato Group w/ U of DC (Fairfax, VA)

  25. Tribal Colleges • Southwestern Indian Polytechnical Institute (Albuquerque, NM) • Rachel Pacheco/Diné College (Tsaile, AZ)

  26. OWH Funded Programs HIV Prevention in the Rural South • Demonstration projects for women-based organizations to provide HIV/AIDS prevention education services to women living in the rural South.

  27. FY 2004 Contractors (cont’d) HIV PREVENTION EDUCATION WITH WOMEN IN THE RURAL SOUTH • HEROES (Columbia, LA) • Building Bridges, Inc. (Jackson, MS) • Columbus Wellness Center (Columbus, GA)

  28. The HIV Prevention for Women Living in the U.S. Virgin Islands This program targetswomen at risk for acquiring HIV with culturally competent, gender-specific approaches: • Helping Others in a Positive Environment, Inc. (St. Thomas, VI) • Community Education Group (Washington, DC)

  29. The HIV Prevention for Women Living with HIV/AIDS in Puerto Rico This program develops and implements culturally competent , secondary HIV prevention education addressing gender-specific issues, stigma, shame, and access to care. • Asociacion Puertorriquena de Servicios y Ayuda al Paciente con SIDA (Cidra, PR) • Concilio de Salud Integral de Loiza, Inc. (Loiza, PR)

  30. OWH HIV/AIDS Funding Opportunities can be found at: www.4woman.gov All HHS grant opportunities can be found on: www.grants.gov http://fedgrants.gov/Applicants/HHS/index.html

  31. “Quote of the day” "This is the beginning of a new day. You have been given this day to use as you will. You can waste it or use it for good. What you do today is important because you are exchanging a day of your life for it. When tomorrow comes, this day will be gone forever; in its place is something that you have left behind...let it be something good." Author Unknown

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