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Chapter 5:intrument flight rules

Chapter 5:intrument flight rules. Recite a prayer…(15 seconds). ATM TOPIC. INTRODUCTION TO AIR TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT,TYPE OF CONTROL AREAS & FLIGHT PLAN AERODROME CONTROL AREA CONTROL APPROACH CONTROL --------------------------------------mid-term test------------------------------

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Chapter 5:intrument flight rules

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  1. Chapter 5:intrument flight rules Recite a prayer…(15 seconds)

  2. ATM TOPIC • INTRODUCTION TO AIR TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT,TYPE OF CONTROL AREAS & FLIGHT PLAN • AERODROME CONTROL • AREA CONTROL • APPROACH CONTROL --------------------------------------mid-term test------------------------------ 5. INSTRUMENT FLIGHT RULES –IFR 6. VISUAL FLIGHT RULE-VFR 7. RADIO TELEPHONY COMMUNICATION • THE LET DOWN PROCEDURE -------------------------------------Final exam-----------------------------------

  3. Course Outcomes ATM By the end of this subject, student should be able to: • Know the basic responsibilities of Air Traffic control .the Air traffic services provided and the flight plan. • Know the function and responsibility of aerodrome control • Know the function and responsibility of area control • Know the function and responsibility of approach control • Know the objective and function of instrument flight rules • Know the objective and function of visual flight rules • Know Importance of radio telephony communication • Understanding and able to describe the letdown procedure

  4. SUB TOPIC: • EXAMPLE OF FLIGHT RULES • INTRUMENTS FLIGHT RULES(IFR) • WHEN TO USE IFR • NAVIGATION • OBJECTIVE OF THE IFR • IFR PERMIT • AIRSPACE CLASSIFICATION

  5. ~~ Why in aviation have a rules?~~ ~~In aviation, the flight rules not only for safety but also determine when, where and in what weather (meteorological conditions) you are allowed to fly.~~ ~~Sometimes, you may have to change flight rules because of bad weather and if you cannot, you will have to avoid certain types and/or classes of airspace.~~

  6. EXAMPLE OF FLIGHT RULES • INSTRUMENTS FLIGHT RULES (IFR) • VISUAL FLIGHT RULES (VFR) • VISUAL METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS (VMC) • INSTRUMENT METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS (IMC) • ETC….

  7. SUB TOPIC: • FLIGHT RULES • INTRUMENTS FLIGHT RULES(IFR) • WHEN TO USE IFR • OBJECTIVE OF THE IFR • IFR PERMIT • NAVIGATION • AIRSPACE CLASSIFICATION

  8. ~~Why aircraft/airplane can fly at the night or at the bad weather?? ~~

  9. CHAPTER 5: INTRUMENT FLIGHT RULES ~~WHAT IS IFR??~~ ~~Instrument flight rules (IFR) are rules and procedures for flying aircraft where navigation and obstacle clearance is maintained using only aircraft instruments. The separation from other aircraft is provided by air traffic control personnel. ~~ OR IN OTHER WORD… ~~IFR flying means that you rely on your navigation and attitude instruments for navigation and orientation. This will allow you to fly through clouds, in poor visibility or night~~

  10. SUB TOPIC: • FLIGHT RULES • INTRUMENTS FLIGHT RULES(IFR) • WHEN TO USE IFR • OBJECTIVE OF THE IFR • IFR PERMIT • NAVIGATION • AIRSPACE CLASSIFICATION

  11. When to use ifr?? • Even if nothing can be seen outside the cockpit windows, an IFR-rated pilot can fly while looking only at the instrument panel. • An IFR-rated pilot can also be authorized to fly through clouds, using Air Traffic Control procedures designed to maintain separation from other aircraft. • For IFR flight, you must have the permission of Air Traffic Control, to operate in controlled airspace. • When you fly IFR inside controlled airspace, ATC will keep you separated from other aircraft. • Outside controlled airspace you will receive traffic information and/or advice. • IFR is required in weather where you may have less than 2 miles of visibility. • IFR into airspace class A, B, C, D and E,

  12. When to use ifr?? Or in other word… • IFR is use when: • Fly at night • Adverse/bad weather condition • Without reference to the visual outside cockpit window. • IFR into airspace class A, B, C, D and E, • Etc……

  13. SUB TOPIC: • FLIGHT RULES • INTRUMENTS FLIGHT RULES(IFR) • WHEN TO USE IFR • OBJECTIVE OF THE IFR • IFR PERMIT • NAVIGATION • AIRSPACE CLASSIFICATION

  14. CHAPTER 5:INTRUMENT FLIGHT RULES OBJECTIVE OF THE IFR • ~~TO SEPARATE FROM OTHER AIR TRAFFIC TO AVOID –AIR COLLISION~~ • ~~SAFE OPERATION FROM ADVERSE WEATHER CONDITION~~ • ~~ETC….~~

  15. OBJECTIVE OF THE IFR ~~TO SEPARATE FROM OTHER AIR TRAFFIC TO AVOID –AIR COLLISION ~~ • The most important concept of IFR flying is that separation is maintained regardless of weather conditions. • In controlled airspace, ATC separates IFR aircraft from obstacles and other aircraft using a flight clearance based on route, time, distance, speed, and altitude. • IFR flights in controlled airspace require an ATC clearance for each part of the flight. In addition, a clearance typically provides a heading or route to follow, altitude, and communication parameters, such as frequencies and transponder codes. • In uncontrolled airspace, ATC clearances are unavailable. but separation is not mandated nor widely provided. • Despite the protection offered by flight in controlled airspace under IFR, the ultimate responsibility for the safety of the aircraft rests with the pilot in command.

  16. CHAPTER 5:INTRUMENT FLIGHT RULES OBJECTIVE OF THE IFR • PURPOSE OF SEPARATING FROM OTHER AIR TRAFFIC TO AVOID –AIR COLLISION~~ • ~~SAFE OPERATION FROM ADVERSE WEATHER CONDITION~~ • ~~ETC….~~ Who is flying IFR? • All commercial (business jets, airliners...) and military transport flights along airways are carried out on IFR.

  17. OBJECTIVE OF THE IFR ~~SAFE OPERATION FROM ADVERSE WEATHER CONDITION~~ • During flight under IFR, there are no visibility requirements, so flying through clouds is permitted. • There are still minimum conditions that must be present in order for the aircraft to take off and land; • The Type Of Navigation Aids Available, • The Location And Height Of Terrain • Obstructions In The Vicinity Of The Airport, Equipment On The Aircraft, • Qualifications Of The Crew.

  18. SUB TOPIC: • FLIGHT RULES • INTRUMENTS FLIGHT RULES(IFR) • WHEN TO USE IFR • OBJECTIVE OF THE IFR • IFR PERMIT • NAVIGATION • AIRSPACE NAVIGATION

  19. CHAPTER 5:INTRUMENT FLIGHT RULES ~~IFR PERMIT~~ • IFR permit an aircraft to operate in instrument meteorological conditions (IMC), which have much lower weather minimums than VFR. • Procedures and training are significantly more complex as a pilot must demonstrate competency in conducting an entire cross-country flight in IMC conditions. • While controlling the aircraft solely by reference to instruments.

  20. SUB TOPIC: • FLIGHT RULES • INTRUMENTS FLIGHT RULES(IFR) • WHEN TO USE IFR • OBJECTIVE OF THE IFR • IFR PERMIT • NAVIGATION • AIRSPACE CLASSIFICATION

  21. screenshot showing flying on instruments only

  22. ~~NAVIGATION~~ • IFR - Instrument Flight Rules, a very strict form of navigation, requiring a pilot to use what's Inside his cockpit to fly an airplane. It's very procedural and requires a constant instrument scan navigation is solely through the use of NAV aids. Required minimum equipment to fly IFR:  • magnetic compass • clock (hours - minutes -seconds) • 2 pressure altimeters • airspeed indicator • turn and slip indicator • attitude indicator (artificial horizon) • heading indicator (directional gyroscope) • outside air temperature indication • rate of climb and descent indication

  23. SUB TOPIC: • FLIGHT RULES • INTRUMENTS FLIGHT RULES(IFR) • WHEN TO USE IFR • OBJECTIVE OF THE IFR • IFR PERMIT • NAVIGATION • AIRSPACE CLASSIFICATION

  24. ~~AIRSPACE CLASSIFICATION~~ • Before World War II, airspace in the United States was not a major concern, since the number of aircraft flying was relatively small. • With the number of aircraft flying over the United States today, proper airspace usage is critical for flight safety and efficient service to pilots and the flying public. • To assist in this goal, the airspace is divided into five classifications. • Class A,B,C,D, and E

  25. ~~AIRSPACE CLASSIFICATION~~ CLASS A Airspace • Airspace from FL 180 or 18,000 feet to FL 600 or 60,000 feet • Flying in Class A airspace shall in (IFR) flight plan and receive an appropriate air traffic control (ATC) clearance.

  26. ~~AIRSPACE CLASSIFICATION~~ CLASS B Airspace • Airspace from the surface to 10,000 feet. • This airspace is normally around the busiest airports. • Pilots must contact air traffic control to receive an air traffic controlclearance to enter Class B airspace. • Once a pilot receives an air traffic control clearance, they receive separation services from other aircraft within the airspace. • IFR and VFR can fly in.

  27. ~~AIRSPACE CLASSIFICATION~~ CLASS C Airspace • Airspace from the surface to 4,000 feet above the airport elevation. • Class C airspace will only be found at airports that have an operational control tower, are serviced by a radar approach control. • Pilots must maintain two-way radio communications with the ATC facility providing air traffic control services prior to entering airspace. • Pilots of visual flight rules (VFR) aircraft are separated from pilots of instrument flight rules (IFR) aircraft.(IFR and VFR can fly in)

  28. ~~AIRSPACE CLASSIFICATION~~ CLASS D Airspace • Airspace which is generally that airspace from the surface to 2,500 feet above the airport elevation. • Only surrounds airports that have an operationalcontrol tower. • No separation services will be provided to pilots of VFR aircraft. Pilots operating under VFR must still use "see-and-avoid" for aircraft separation. • Here pilots are responsible for their own separation and takeoff and landings.

  29. ~~AIRSPACE CLASSIFICATION~~ CLASS E Airspace • Airspace extends upward from either the surface or a designated altitude to the overlying or adjacent controlled airspace. If an aircraft is flying on a Federal airway below 18,000 feet, it is in Class E airspace. • Class E airspace is also the airspace used by aircraft to en route environment normally beginning at 14,500 feet to 18,000 feet.Class E airspace ensures IFR aircraft remain in controlled airspace.

  30. ~~AIRSPACE CLASSIFICATION~~ • CLASS G AirspaceClass G Airspace is uncontrolled airspace. IFR aircraft will not operate in Class G airspace*. VFR aircraft can operate in Class G airspace.

  31. Airspace Class • Class A • Class B • Class C • Class D • Class E • Class F • Class G

  32. Q-BANK • WHY DO YOU THINK THERE ARE SO MANY RULES IN AVIATION ESPECIALLY IN AIR TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT? • WHAT IS AN INSTRUMENT FLIGHT RULES? • WHEN CAN A PILOT USE THE IFR RULES? • PLEASE EXPLAIN 2 OBJECTIVE OF THE IFR. • PLEASE EXPLAIN 3 CLASS OR AIRSPACE YOU KNOW.

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