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系級:國際商務學系 班級:三年 A 班 姓名:陳韋伶 學號: 9125119A 指導老師:曾秀梅 老師

白俄羅斯. 系級:國際商務學系 班級:三年 A 班 姓名:陳韋伶 學號: 9125119A 指導老師:曾秀梅 老師. Belarus. 主題. ~ Government 政府 ~ Economy 經濟 ~ Communications 通訊. Belarus. 政府. ζ 國名:  白俄羅斯共和國 conventional long form: Republic of Belarus ζ 簡稱:  白俄羅斯 conventional short form: Belarus ζ  政府型式:  名義上的共和國,實際上有一次專政

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系級:國際商務學系 班級:三年 A 班 姓名:陳韋伶 學號: 9125119A 指導老師:曾秀梅 老師

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  1. 白俄羅斯 系級:國際商務學系 班級:三年A班 姓名:陳韋伶 學號:9125119A 指導老師:曾秀梅 老師 Belarus

  2. 主題... ~Government政府 ~Economy經濟 ~Communications通訊 Belarus

  3. 政府... ζ國名: 白俄羅斯共和國 conventional long form: Republic of Belarus ζ簡稱: 白俄羅斯 conventional short form: Belarus ζ 政府型式: 名義上的共和國,實際上有一次專政 Government type: republic in name, although in fact a dictatorship ζ首都: 明斯克 Capital:Minsk ζ獨立紀念日: 1991年8月25日 (從蘇聯獨立) Independence: 25 August 1991 (from Soviet Union) ζ國定假日: 8月25日(1991年從蘇聯獨立) 7月3日(1994年明斯克從德國軍隊解放) National holiday: Independence Day, 3 July (1944); note - 3 July 1944 was the date Minsk was liberated from German troops, 25 August 1991 was the date of independence from the Soviet Union ζ憲法:1994年3月30日制定(在2004年10月17日再次修正,除 去的總統任期的限制) Constitution: 30 March 1994; revised by national referendum of 24 November 1996 giving the presidency greatly expanded powers and became effective 27

  4. 明斯克夜景

  5. 明斯克夜景

  6. 明斯克夜景

  7. 政府... ζ 司法制度: 基於民法體制 Legal system: based on civil law system ζ 選舉權: 年滿18歲的全體國民 Suffrage:18 years of age; universal ζ國家元首: 盧卡申科總統(從1994年7月20日起) Chief of state: President Aleksandr LUKASHENKO (since 20 July 1994) ζ政府首腦︰總理謝爾蓋(從2003年12月19日起) Head of government: Prime Minister Sergei SIDORSKY (since 19 December 2003) ζ 立法部門︰兩個議院的國民議會 Legislative branch: bicameral National Assembly (64 seats; 56 members elected by regional councils and 8 members appointed by the president) ζ司法部門: 最高法院(總統任命法官) 立憲的法庭(法官的半數由總統任命,另一半由議 會代表任命) Judicial branch: Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president); Constitutional Court (half of the judges appointed by the president and half appointed by the Chamber of Representatives)

  8. 政府... ζ 國際組織參與︰ 獨立國家國協, 國際原子能機構, 國際復興開發銀行, 國際金融公司,國際勞工組織, 國際貨幣基金會, 國際標準組織, 國際電信聯盟, 多邊投資擔保局, 全國製造商協會,聯合國,聯合國貿易及發展會議, 聯合國教科文組織,聯合國工業發展組織, 世界工會聯盟,世界衛生組織,世界智慧產權組織, 國際自由工會聯盟,國際奧委會,世界貿易組 織(觀察者) International organization participation: CEI, CIS, EAPC, EBRD, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, MIGA, NAM, NSG, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)

  9. 國旗描述 ζ白俄羅斯的國旗主要由紅、綠、白三色組成。綠色部份為紅色部份的1/2,紅色代表革命,綠色代表欣欣向榮;左邊紅白相間的花紋圖案代表民族的傳統文化。 Flag description: red horizontal band (top) and green horizontal band one-half the width of the red band; a white vertical stripe on the hoist side bears Belarusian national ornamention in red

  10. 經濟... ζ概述:白俄羅斯在2003及2004年公佈經濟有6.1%和6.4%的成長。但因為經濟受到高通膨及貿易赤字阻礙,貿易關係受到重重的困難。為了與盧卡申科總統”市場社會主義”政策協調而徵收控制貨幣匯率管理費並擴大國家權利到干涉私營企業的管理,企業受到中央和地方政府管制。目前白俄的公開市場經濟仍被西方國家隔離。但近年來的蓬勃發展,僅管遇到阻礙,白俄的經濟方針確實降低了通貨膨漲,經濟也有所成長。

  11. ◎ Economy - overview: Belarus's economy in 2003-04 posted 6.1% and 6.4% growth. Still, the economy continues to be hampered by high inflation, persistent trade deficits, and ongoing rocky relations with Russia, Belarus' largest trading partner and energy supplier. Belarus has seen little structural reform since 1995, when President LUKASHENKO launched the country on the path of "market socialism." In keeping with this policy, LUKASHENKO reimposed administrative controls over prices and currency exchange rates and expanded the state's right to intervene in the management of private enterprises. In addition, businesses have been subject to pressure on the part of central and local governments, e.g., arbitrary changes in regulations, numerous rigorous inspections, retroactive application of new business regulations, and arrests of "disruptive" businessmen and factory owners. A wide range of redistributive policies has helped those at the bottom of the ladder; the Gini coefficient is among the lowest in the world. For the time being, Belarus remains self-isolated from the West and its open-market economies. Growth has been strong in recent years, despite the roadblocks in a tough, centrally directed economy and the high, but decreasing, rate of inflation. Growth has been buoyed by increased Russian demand for generally noncompetitive Belarusian goods.

  12. Φ國內生產毛額:705億美元 Φ國內生產毛額-實質成長 率:6.4% Φ國內生産毛額-每人平均: 6,800 美元 Φ各産業在GDP的比例: 農業: 11% 工業: 36.4% 服務: 52.6% GDP: purchasing power parity - $70.5 billion(2004 est.) GDP - real growth rate: 6.4% (2004 est.) GDP -per capita: purchasing power parity $6,800 (2004 est.) GDP - composition by sector : agriculture: 11% industry: 36.4% services: 52.6% (2004 est.) Φ國內生產毛額:5762億美元 Φ國內生產毛額-實質成長 率:6% Φ國內生産毛額-每人平均: 25,300 美元 Φ各産業在GDP的比例: 農業:1.7% 工業:30.9% 服務:67.4% GDP: purchasing power parity-$576.2billion (2004 est.) GDP - real growth rate:6% (2004 est.) GDP - per capita: purchasing power parity-$25,300 (2004 est.) GDP - composition by sector : agriculture:1.7% industry: 30.9% services:67.4%(2004set) ~經濟~ 約8.2倍 + 0.4% + 18500元 + 9.3% + 5.5% + 14.8% 白俄羅斯 台灣

  13. Φ投資:佔國內生產毛額的 21.8%。 Φ在貧困線下面的人口: 27.1%。 Φ通貨膨脹率:17.4%。 Φ失業率:2%。 Investment (gross fixed): 21.8% of GDP (2004 est.) Population below poverty line: 27.1% (2003 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 17.4% (2004 est.) Unemployment rate: 2% officially registered unemployed; large number of underemployed workers (2004) Φ投資:佔國內生產毛額的 18%。 Φ在貧困線下面的人口: 1%。 Φ通貨膨脹率:1.7%。 Φ失業率:4.5%。 Investment (gross fixed): 18% of GDP (2004 est.) Population below poverty line:1% (2000 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices):1.7% (2004 est.) Unemployment rate:4.5% (2004 est.) ~經濟~ + 3.8% + 26.1% + 15.7% + 2.5% 白俄羅斯 台灣

  14. Φ勞動力:430.5萬人。 Φ各産業占勞動力的比 例: 農業14% 工業34.7% 服務51.3% Labor force: 4.305 million (31 December 2003) Labor force - by occupation: agriculture 14%,industry 34.7%, services 51.3% (2003est.) Φ勞動力:1022萬人。 Φ各産業占勞動力的比例: 農業8% 工業35% 服務57% Labor force:10.22 million (2004 est.) Labor force - by occupation: agriculture8%,industry 35%, services 57% (2001 est.) ~經濟~ 約2.4倍 + 6% + 0.3% + 5.7% 白俄羅斯 台灣

  15. Φ收入:33.2億美元。 Φ支出:35.6億美元。 Φ農產品:穀類,馬鈴 薯,蔬菜,甜菜,亞  麻,牛肉,牛奶。 revenues: $3.326 billion expenditures: $3.564 billion, including capital expenditures of $180 million (2004 est.) Agriculture - products: grain, potatoes, vegetables, sugar beets, flax, beef, milk Φ收入:674億美元。 Φ支出:767億美元。 Φ農產品:稻米,穀 物,蔬菜,水果, 茶, 豬,家禽,牛 肉,牛奶, 魚。 revenues:$67.41 billion expenditures:$76.7 billion, including capital expenditures of $14.4 billion (2004 est.) Agriculture - products:rice, corn, vegetables, fruit, tea; pigs, poultry, beef, milk; fish ~經濟~ 約20.3倍 約21.5倍 白俄羅斯 台灣

  16. Φ工業產品:農耕機,卡  車, 堆土機,機車,電  視,化學纖維,肥料,紡  織品,收音機,冰箱。 Φ工業生產成長率:4% Φ出口:114.7億美元。 Φ進口:135.7億美元。 Industries: metal-cutting machine tools, tractors, trucks, earthmovers, motorcycles, televisions, chemical fibers, fertilizer, textiles, radios, refrigerators Industrial production growth rate:4% (2004 est.) Exports: $11.47 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.) Imports: $13.57 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.) Φ工業產品:電子,石油煉製,軍 備,化學製品,紡織品,鋼鐵, 機器,水泥,食品加工,車輛, 消費產品,醫藥製品 。 Φ工業生產成長率:12.2% Φ出口:1705億美元。 Φ進口:1654億美元。 Industries: electronics, petroleum refining, armaments, chemicals, textiles, iron and steel, machinery, cement, food processing, vehicles, consumer products, pharmaceuticals Industrial production growth rate:12.2% (2004 est.) Exports:$170.5 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.) Imports:$165.4 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.) ~經濟~ + 8.2% 約14.9倍 約12.2倍 白俄羅斯 台灣

  17. Φ外匯存底:7.7億美元 Φ外債:6億美元。 Φ貨幣:白俄羅斯盧布。 Φ貨幣代碼:BYR Φ匯率:1美元:2,170盧布 Reserves of foreign exchange & gold:$770.2 million (2004 est.) Debt - external:$600 million (2004 est.) Currency: Belarusian ruble (BYB/BYR) Currency code: BYB Exchange rates: Belarusian rubles per US dollar - 2,170 (2004) Φ外匯存底:2465億美元 Φ外債:555億美元。 Φ貨幣:新台幣。 Φ貨幣代碼:TWD Φ匯率:1美元:33.39台幣 Reserves of foreign exchange & gold:$246.5 billion (2004 est.) Debt - external:$55.5 billion (2004 est.) Currency: new Taiwan dollar (TWD) Currency code: TWD Exchange rates: new Taiwan dollars per US dollar - 33.39 (2004) ~經濟~ 約320倍 92.5倍 1 台幣 :64.1 盧布 白俄羅斯 台灣

  18. 貨幣-盧布 500元正面 500元反面

  19. 電話使用 Telephones - main lines in use 行動電話使用 Telephones – mobile cellular 國際碼 country code 約1135萬。 13.355 million (2003) 約2500萬。 25,089,600 (2003) 886 白俄羅斯 台灣 約3.7倍 約22倍 通訊 約307萬。 3,071,300 (2003) 約112萬。 1.118 million (2003) 375

  20. 白俄羅斯 台灣 約9.86倍 通訊 廣播電台 Radio broadcast stations 網際網路國家代碼 Internet country code 網際網路用戶 Internet users AM 28, FM 37 AM 218, FM 333 .by .tw 約140萬。 1380萬。 1,391,900 (2003) 13.8 million (2005)

  21. 謝謝捧場

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