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Internationalising the Domain Names System Presentation for IDRC

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Internationalising the Domain Names System Presentation for IDRC

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    1. Internationalising the Domain Names System Presentation for IDRC

    2. Background and History 1994-1998 Internationalization effort in the APNG - Multilingual Content - Multilingual Web Browser support - Multilingual Email Standardization of Encoding Character Sets

    3. If the Internet was invented in Thailand, and all Domain Names used Thai characters as a standard, would you remember this URL?

    4. Lets all learn English so that we can use the Internet??? English ASCII is used in telecommunications airlines, sciences, computer languages etc etc ISO/CCITT/ITU-T specifications etc all in English. Internet protocols are fundamentally ASCII email, ftp, routing DNS internationalization too difficult! Why not stick to English ASCII?

    5. Consequences of Lack of multilingual support for DNS Difficulty for non-native English speakers to remember URL and spell it correctly Hindrance to e-commerce if non-native English-speaking customers Impediment to training of students in Internet who learn English later in school (or never!) Disenfranchised masses and widening divide between digital haves and have-nots

    6. Solution to Multilingual DNS March 1998 International-isation of the domain name system iDNS Proxy System invented Asia Pacific testbed set up in 1998/1999

    7. Proof that internationalization of DNS (iDNS) was possible Findings of the study and testbed was successful Ability to support Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Thai, Tamil etc at that time First company to start commercialising technology and providing robust service i-DNS.net International Inc in 1999

    8. A Flood of Technology Service Providers has emerged I-DNS.net International Inc 1999 .NU domain (Swedish in 1999) Neteka Inc 2000 (Toronto based) Network Solutions Inc (now Verisign GRS) 2000 Worldnames in 2000 And many many others

    9. Problem of Interoperability Tower of Babel babelisation of Internet has taken place. Balkanisation of the Internet should be prevented i.e. should not fragment the network with multiple non-interoperable standards Internet Engineering Task Force urgently set up IDN Working Group chaired by an Asian

    10. Problem of Non-interoperable National Character Sets

    11. Internet Character Formats 1994-present ISO 10646, rfcs 1815 and 1995 UNICODE UTF-7 use in mail, RFC 1642 Updated RFC 2152 UTF-8 version of ISO 10646, RFC 2044 Updated RFC 2279 UTF-16 version of ISO 10646, RFC 2781 Multiple representations make this painful Language Tagging as a solution? ASCII Compatible Encode (ACE) Format? <= adopted by IETF

    12. The Challenge of Interoperability

    13. Multilingual Domain Names Industry driving this NSI (Verisign) and partner companies setting up multilingual.com services testbed JPNIC, KRNIC launching production level testbeds CNNIC, TWNIC, HKNIC, MONIC in progress ICANN defers to IETFs progress in IDN before making any decisions very slow, needs of multilingual masses not met quickly enough, poor appreciation of situation.

    14. MINC Formation Driven by APNGs initiative, and the leadership role in AP region, iDNS taskforce set up.

    15. MINC Members Organisational Members include investors, industry, academia, research institutes, government authorities, NICs etc Individual Members from world wide more than 300 members within a year of formation

    16. Mission of MINC Coordination of R&D on multilingual names (not just Domain Names) Coordination on deployment of multilingual names Coordination with the relevant organizationsi.e. IETF, W3C, ICANN, Unicode, IEEE, ISO, WIPO and ITU Coordination for standards development

    17. Many MINC Meetings pre 2000 Pre-MINC meetings 2000.2 APRICOT in Seoul 2000. 3. 27 BoF during Adelaide IETF 2000. 5. 12-13 San Francisco Meeting 2000. 6. 12 - 13 MINC Launch in Seoul 2000. 7. 17 -19 MINC Meeting in Yokohama 2000. 9. 23 - 24 MINC Meeting in Singapore 2000.10 MINC Mtg in Dubai 2000.11 MINC Mtg in Los Angeles

    18. Many MINC Meetings 2000.11 MINC Meeting in Marina Del Rey (ICANN) 2001.1 MINC mtg in Honolulu (APAN) 2001.2 MINC mtg in KL Malaysia (APRICOT) 2001.3 MINC Meeting in Melbourne (ICANN) 2001.3 MINC adhoc mtg at Minneapolis (IETF) 2001.4 MINC outreach mtg in Amman,Jordan 2001 .6 MINC-ISOC Mtg in Stockholm INET

    19. MINC Working Groups Registration Policy Code Protocol Architecture Chinese/ Tamil/ Arabic/ . Survey on Implementation Requirement Analysis Interoperability & Backward Compatibility Testing Registration Policy Keyword

    20. Membership to MINC Organisational Membership Large (US$50K) Medium (US$15K) Small (US$5K) Associate Member (US$1K) Liaison (Free by invitation only) Individual Membership (waived) http://www.minc.org/membership/join.html

    21. MINC Future 1. Global Representation in Membership 2. Administration upgrade 3. International Liaison 4. Coordination of Implementation, Testing of IDN 5. Promotion and Awareness of Deployment 6. Internationalization of Names in other Internet applications 7. Internationlization of Other types of Internet names

    22. 1. Global Representation in Membership Improve Membership services better response time; follow-up; newsletter; mailing lists Individual Membership promotion Organisational Membership promotion MINC publicity brochure Membership drive in Middle East, Europe and Latin America in 2001/2002

    23. 2. Administration upgrade 2000-2001 plan Upgrading of Secretariat (based in NUS, Singapore) International search of new fulltime CEO (in progress) Incorporation of MINC (in Singapore Jun 2001) Website and Mailing Lists administration Admin of Elections, WGs, MLs Database of Membership information Membership fund accounting New North Asian Office (in Seoul Korea July 2001)

    24. 3. International Liaison Formation of Delegates to meet with a. ICANN b. IETF, IESG and IAB c. WIPO d. RIPE e. W3C etc etc Purpose is to establish permanent Liaison relationship and good understanding at the highest levels and to avoid misunderstanding of role of MINC

    25. 4. Coordination of Implementation, Testing of IDN Delegate responsibility to various working groups: Deployment WG, RegPolicy WG and Testing WG Coordination of their secretariat with MINC secretariat Aim for full Documentation of process and procedure

    26. 5.Promotion and Awareness of Deployment Many countries will still be unaware of their language deployment feasibility Need to visit ccTLDs and others to promote their language deployment Combine with membership drive

    27. 6. Internationalization of Names in other Internet applications Commission projects to review the impact of IDN in basic internet applications such as Email, Directory Services, Newsgroups etc This is important because development of software to be IDN compliant has to take place smoothly

    28. Internationalization of Other types of Internet names 1. Too early at this moment 2. Focus on planning and discussion phase 3. Identify potential research areas 4. Internet Keywords identified as key area (mid 2001)

    29. Enabling other Language Groups towards Self-Determination Chinese Language: Chinese Domain Names Consortium CDNC www.cdnc.org Tamil Language: International Forum for IT in Tamil INFITT www.infitt.org Arabic Language: how about proposal to form Arabic IT and Internet Association for promotion of Arabicisation of Internet - AINC Other diasporic languages other Indian languages, etc. JDNA for Japanese language domain names MINC is having and will have mutual recognition agreements with these organisations.

    30. IDRCs funding Started Feb 1999 Grant Awarded Internationalized Domain Names System (iDNS) for Asian Countries (98-0006/982.3.3) http://www.apng.org/commission/idns/ipv6/

    31. Objectives of IDRC grant Create an experimental multilingual DNS with an extensive testbed as a proof of concept that a global multilingual DNS is viable, beginning with Asian countries - By the time the grant was awarded, we had already completed the Asian testbed, and requested a change to IPv6 DNS. This IPv6 prototype proxy system was completed successfully. To develop a proxy DNS server software application to work-around the restriction that current monolingual BIND implementation places on the DNS. - By the time the grant was awarded, we had already completed the IPv4 proxy system. The IPv6 proxy DNS server software has been completed successfully. To operate a test-bed of pilot internationalized-DNS root server(s) with participating country code Top Level Domain name holders, and domain name registrars (NICs). Representations need to be made to the appropriate Internet bodies to recognize this root server as the official experimental root server for internationalized domain names. this has evolved into an interoperability testing and backward compatibility testing framework which is currently being championed by MINC.

    32. Objectives of IDRC Project (contd) Initiate modification (enhancement) to the current DNS protocol to support multilingual domain names. Participate in IETF working groups with internet-draft and/or RFCsubmission to IETF and technical paper submissions at international conferences to gain recognition. Be represented at related Internet DNS standards working bodies to participate in standardization work of the new internationalized domain name system. The project laid the groundwork for these tasks to be handled on a global basis through the auspices of the new consortium MINC which the grant helped to seed. IETF formed its IDN Working Group which was accelerated into a standards track. Convene, participate and chair an international ad hoc working group under the auspices of an international/regional organization (e.g. APNG, WWTLD, IETF, etc) to design and agree upon the convention to be adopted globally for the naming of localized domain names with respect to each countrieslocale preferences. We have ended up forming an international consortium to drive this forward and successfully interfaced with key international organisations and achieve the reputation and standing of an international organisation within a two year timeframe.

    33. 7. Conclusion Future of MINC is exciting Global role increasing in importance Fills an important niche function Urgent need for recruitment of good staff Good service and support to WGs Leadership role in IDN names critical to the global development of Internet IDRC Funding and NUS support was crucial to the early formation and seed support of MINC.

    34. Acknowledgement

    35. Acknowledgements The MINC project was funded by the Canadian International Development Research Centre (IDRC) under the Pan Asia Networking Grant The MINC project was hosted by the National University of Singapore under the APNG project

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