Passenger/Item Detection System for Vehicles

2. Passenger/Item Detection System for Vehicles Dec03-05 members • Jason Adams • Ryan Anderson • Jason Bogh • Brett Sternberg • Acknowledgements • Clive Woods – Advisor • Heart of Iowa Regional Transportation Agency (HIRTA) - Client

3. Presentation Outline • Problem Statement • Objectives & Constraints • Accomplishments • Technical Approach • System Design • Implementation & Testing • Costs • Projected Dates

4. Problem Statement • Prevent passengers from being locked on the bus. • Need for automatic detection system

5. Detection System Process • Function automatically • Accurately detect passenger • Alert bus driver of passenger • Generalized Project Criteria • Versatile with other bus models • Robust • Self-diagnostic • Fail safe • Moderate in cost

6. Passenger Detection System • The passenger detection system is divided into two parts: • Floor • Optoelectronics • Seats • Pressure Sensors

7. Operating Environment • Transient bus • Vibrations • - Bus’s engine • Roadways traveled • Environmental elements • Dust • Dirt • Moisture • Normal temperatures • Withstand pressure given off by passengers

8. Intended Users/Uses Users • male or female adult • commercial driver’s license • no discrimination on the basis of sex, ethnic background, physical size, or disability • able to operate the commercial vehicle according to the laws of the state. Uses • automatically detect remaining passengers and possible items • alarm driver of the situation before he or she has fully exited the bus.

9. Assumptions • Will be used on a transient bus • Occupancy ranges from one to seventy-five passengers • System off while bus is running • System starts when bus shuts off • Automatic • Versatile • Pressure sensors cover all seats • LED’s attenuation is eight to ten feet • Photodiode sensitive to LED only

10. Limitations • Cost not to exceed two hundred fifty dollars • Power for the system comes from bus’s battery • Structure of the bus • Response time • Self-operational • Operating environment • Spectrum of LED

11. End Product and Other Deliverables • Passenger detection system • Seat pressure system • Floor optical system • Installation directions • Technical specifications for parts • End product design report • Cost analysis report

12. Objectives/ Constraints

13. Design Objectives • Self-automated – Develop a solution that starts up and shuts off without the interaction of the bus driver. • Energy efficient – Develop a solution that ideally requires no other power source besides the bus battery. • Thorough visibility – Develop a solution that can thoroughly check every part of the bus for passenger(s) or item(s). • Speedy detection – Develop a solution that alerts the driver of passenger(s) or item(s) before he/she is off the bus. • Fail-safe – Develop a solution that will always gets the drivers attention as to alert of onboard passenger(s) or item(s).

14. Functional Objectives • Passenger warning system – System will warn the bus driver of still onboard passenger(s) when the bus is shut off. • Item warning system – System will warn the bus driver of still onboard item(s), at least as large as a small purse, when the bus is shut off. • Automatic power-on and power-off – System will start automatically upon bus turning off and then shutdown when the bus is started.

15. Design Constraints • Physical properties – System should not be restrictive, distracting, or discomforting to the driver and passengers. • Size – System should not interfere with normal bus operations. • Fail-safe – System should never neglect to alert if a passenger is present when the bus is shut off. • Power consumption – Power from the system must come from a 12-volt battery. • Response time – System will need to respond within 3-7 seconds of the bus being shut off.

16. Design Constraints Cont’d • Robust – System may be exposed to the elements and anything tracked on by passengers such as: rain, snow, mud, dust, and dirt. • Flexible – Design implementation must be supported for several bus designs. • Cost effective – If system cost is over $100, some type of funding must be provided.

17. Present Accomplishments • Technical Research Completed (95%) • Determined Technologies Used • Presented to HIRTA • In Process of Ordering Parts

18. Light Sensitive Resistors Pyrometers Ultra-sonic signature Pressure sensors Optical counters Magnetic counters Infrared LED (emitter) Photodiode (detector) Weight Systems Piezoelectric sensors Analog alarm system Digital display system Technical Approach

19. Technical Approach Results • Hybrid system • Seats - force sensitive resistors • Floor - infrared emitters / photodiode detectors

20. System Design Part I: Pressure Sensors

21. Pressure Sensors Purpose: To detect a left behind passenger and/or item located on the seats. Basic Operation: If pressure is detected on the sensor then an analog signal is output triggering the alarm.

22. Pressure Sensors Force Sensitive Resistor Sensors Wiring Buzzer Alarm System

23. Pressure Sensors Benefits: • Low maintenance • Hidden (Will not alter the aesthetics of the bus) • Easy installation

24. Pressure Sensors Drawbacks: • More expensive than optics • More difficult to replace

25. System Design Part II: Optics

26. Optics Purpose: To detect a left behind passenger and/or item located on the floor. To detect a left behind passengers in a wheelchair Basic Operation: Emitted light that is blocked will cause the alarm to be triggered

27. Optics Emitter General Layout: Light Light Light Detector

28. Optics • Why Infrared light? -So the detection system is not mislead by ambient light -Optical system designed to only recognize infrared light -To maintain a failsafe detection system

29. Optics Benefits: • Low Cost • Small (Will not alter the aesthetics of the bus) • Very low maintenance • System does not impose any health risk

30. Optics Drawbacks: • Tampering with may cause issues Solution: Enclose in box-type structure -When bus is running does not need to detect. Implement electronic shutter. Emitter or Detector

31. Optics Drawbacks (cont.): • Power consumption -May drain battery if left on too long Solution: Implement a timer or delay -Only need to detect for about a minute or two.

32. Alarm • Both the pressure sensors and optics will be able to trigger the alarm • Alarm in consideration has the following features: -75 dB buzzer -Tone rated at 300 to 500 Hz • Some other sound levels -Rustle of leaves ---------------> 10 dB -Conversation ---------------> 60 dB -Rock Concert ---------------> 110 dB -Jet Engine ---------------> 130 dB • Will implement a kill switch viewable to the bus driver

33. Implementation/Testing

34. Implementation / Testing • Assemble prototype • Test in laboratory setting • Test on supplied HIRTA bus

35. Cost Analysis

36. B UST Y P E 1

37. B UST Y P E 2

38. B UST Y P E 3

39. B UST Y P E 4

40. Projected Dates 8/1/2003: Parts Ordered and Received 9/25/2003: Prototype Implemented 10/20/2003: Finish Prototype Testing 10/30/2003: Implement in Bus Environment 12/15/2003: Finished Product

41. Questions?