1 / 18

CHAPTER 16 DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOPATHOLOGY

CHAPTER 16 DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOPATHOLOGY. Abnormality. Maladaptiveness Interferes with personal and social life Poses danger to self or others Personal distress DSM-IV diagnostic criteria (APA) Statistical deviance. Developmental Aspects. Development, not disease

nowles
Télécharger la présentation

CHAPTER 16 DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOPATHOLOGY

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. CHAPTER 16DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOPATHOLOGY

  2. Abnormality • Maladaptiveness • Interferes with personal and social life • Poses danger to self or others • Personal distress • DSM-IV diagnostic criteria (APA) • Statistical deviance

  3. Developmental Aspects • Development, not disease • A pattern of maladaption, not defects • Social and Age Norms • Poor person-environment fit • Developmental Issues • Nature/Nurture • Risk factors • Prediction

  4. The Diathesis-Stress Model • Interaction of genes and environment • Example: Depression • Genetic vulnerability • Environmental trigger(s) • Not specific stressors for specific disorders • “Bad things have bad effects for some people some of the time”

  5. Autism • Begins in infancy, more boys • Several autistic spectrum disorders • Impaired social interaction, communication • Repetitive, stereotyped behaviors • 80% retarded: savant syndrome common • Severe cognitive impairment • Biologically based • Concordance: MZ=60%, DZ= 0%

  6. Depression • Infancy • Somatic symptoms • Depressive-like states • Related to poor attachment • “At risk” if mother depressed • “Failure to thrive” syndrome may occur

  7. Childhood • Externalizing Problems • “Undercontrolled” disorders • Acting out • Aggressive, out of control • Internalizing Problems • “Overcontrolled” disorders • Inner distress, shyness • More girls

  8. Relationships between behavior at age 3 and psychological disorders at age 21. Part A shows that children with uncontrolled, externalizing behavioral styles are more likely than other children to show antisocial behavior and repeated criminal behavior at age 21. Part B shows that inhibited, internalizing children are at high risk of depression, but not anxiety disorders, at 21.

  9. Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder • DSM-IV Criteria, some combination of the following: • Inattention, Impulsivity, Hyperactivity • More boys; 3-5% of US kids • Comorbidity common • Overactive behavior wanes with age • Attentional, adjustment problems remain • Most well-adjusted in adulthood

  10. ADHD-Causes and Treatment • Neurological: Low Dopamine, other NT’s • Differential processing • Underactivity in motor area • Genetic predisposition; Environmental stress • 70% helped by stimulants (like Ritalin) • Overprescription a problem • Most successful if combined with behavioral treatment

  11. Depression • Childhood • Somatic symptoms; school, social also • Psychotherapy, medication effective • Nature/Nurture question • Adolescence • Often related to childhood symptoms

  12. Adolescence • Storm and Stress? • Only about 20% • Heightened vulnerability to psych disorders • Alcohol and drug problems • Eating Disorders • Anorexia nervosa; more girls (3/1) • Bulimia nervosa; binge-purge • Some genetic predisposition; stress also • Psychological treatment usually successful

  13. Adolescent Depression and Suicide • 35% depressed; 7% diagnosable • Cognitive symptoms • Behavioral acting out • Genetic link • Environmental triggers • Suicide: Third leading cause of death • Males commit 3/1; girls attempt 3/1

  14. Adulthood • Rates of disorder decrease after age 18 • Depression • Concern with elderly • Elderly less vulnerable to major depression • Depression often related to health • 15% have some symptoms • 1-3% diagnosable • Difficult to diagnose from otherconditions • More women (2/1)

  15. Depression and Dementia • Many undiagnosed and untreated • Elderly can benefit, should NOT be excluded from treatment • Dementia: Progressive Deterioration • Not normal aging (Senescence) • Alzheimer’s Disease • Leading cause of dementia • Progressive and irreversible

  16. Causes of Cognitive Impairment • Genetic: e.g., Alzheimer’s Disease • Vascular dementia-multi-infarct • Minor strokes: Deficits accumulate • Related to lifestyle: Diet and exercise • Reversible dementia, about 20% • Delirium: Reversible, often drug related • Depression: Treatable • Critical to distinguish for proper treatment

  17. Alzheimer’s disease emerges gradually over the adult years; brain cells are damaged long before noticeable cognitive impairment results in old age. Changes in brain functioning are significantly different from those associated with normal aging.

More Related