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South Tyrol Autonomy Agreement: A Case Study in Multilevel Governance

Explore the evolution of South Tyrol's autonomy from the 20th century to the present, analyzing key agreements, conflicts, and mechanisms that have shaped its unique governance model involving cultural diversity and minority rights.

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South Tyrol Autonomy Agreement: A Case Study in Multilevel Governance

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  1. 20th century - overview 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 • 1946 Gruber-De GasperiAgreement • 1960-61 SouthTyrol before UN • 1992 FormalConflict Settlement • 1961-64 negotiationsCommission of “19” • 1948 FirstAutonomy Statute • 1919 Treaty ofSt. Germain,annexationby Italy • 1969 "Package" • 1939Option • 1957 „Losvon Trient“ • 1972 New Autonomy Statute Protests, terror 2nd Autonomy Fascist Oppression 1st Autonomyregional basis "Dynamic" aut. Implementation South Tyrol - a case study

  2. Census 2001 German (+ 1,16) 4,37 Italian (- 1,18) Ladin (+ 0,01) 26,47 69,15 600.000 Cityof Bozen/Bolzano 400.000 200.000 0,79 26,62 0 Total Bz Brx Me 462.542 97.232 18.379 34.120 72,59 Population % Census 1991 4,36 67,99 27,65 Population 1999 South Tyrol - a case study

  3. Process and procedures: Compromise: • Recognition of (cultural) differences • Autonomy as (internal)self-determination • Subdivision and delimitation of spheres of influence • Negotiations and special procedures (joint commissions) • Consensus and cooperation • Mechanisms of control Content: The "Model" and its Different Levels Autonomouspowers Integrationinto the State Group-relations within theautonomous entity “Foreign“ affairs and external relations(kin-State, CBC, EU, …) South Tyrol - a case study

  4. Cultural autonomy • Proportional principle • Parity of languages • Veto rights Group rights in South Tyrol Art. 2 Autonomy-Statute In the region all citizens are granted equal rights,regardless of the linguistic group to which they belong, and their respective ethnic and cultural characteristicsare safeguarded. South Tyrol - a case study

  5. Protection of persons Principle of territoriality Sovereignty Multilevel governance Minority Protection and Autonomy • Individual vs. Collective Rights ? • "Tolerance established by law" • Segregation, defensive character • Functional dimension • Participation, co-resonsibility • Integration "Mix" and balance of fundamental principles Frequent exchange between majority- and minority-positions South Tyrol - a case study

  6. Lessons to be learned Case-specific factors of success • political conditions • economic situation • international anchoring • dimension of time South Tyrol The Process • internationalized conflict de-escalation • single procedures (time-frame, joint commissions, enactment norms) "Mix" of segregation and integration (within the autonomous entity) legally guaranteed distance between the groups, segregationist character coexistence: "institutionalised" forms of cooperation, power sharingand proportional representation, compromise acrossethnic cleavages, increased inter-ethnic interaction + livingtogether: South Tyrol - a case study

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