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4. 5. The. Major Types of Reactions. We can classify any reaction in the universe as 1 of 5 types based on the reactants and the products. We can use a general equation (using X,Y or Z to represent any element) to show what will happen overall. These 5 types are :. Synthesis Decomposition

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  1. 4 5 The Major Types of Reactions

  2. We can classify any reaction in the universe as 1 of 5 types based on the reactants and the products. We can use a general equation (using X,Y or Z to represent any element) to show what will happen overall. These 5 types are : • Synthesis • Decomposition • Single Displacement • Double Displacement • Complete Combustion

  3. Synthesis Reactions • idea : 2 or more reactants come together to make 1 product • general equation : X + Y  XY • examples : • 2H2 (g) + O2 (g)  2H2O(l) + thermal energy • thermal energy + N2 (g) + O2 (g)  2NO (g) • note: that a synthesis reaction may be endothermic or exothermic

  4. Decomposition Reactions • idea : 1 compound will break down into 2 or more simpler compounds or elements • (this is the reverse of a synthesis reaction) • general equation : XY  X + Y • examples : H2CO3(aq) CO2 (g) + H2O(l) • carbonic acid carbon dioxide water • NH4NO3(s)  2H2O(l)+ N2O(g)

  5. Single Displacement Reactions • idea : an element can be reacted with a compound and it will trade • places with one of its 2 parts • general equation : X + YZ  Y + XZ • examples : • Mg (s) + 2HCl (aq)  MgCl2 (s) + H2 (g) • F2 (g) + 2 HCl (aq)  ??? • 2Ag(NO3) (aq) + Cu (s) Cu(NO3)2 (aq) + 2Ag (s) • 2Na (s) + 2H-OH (l)  2Na(OH) (aq) + H2 (g)

  6. Double Displacement Reactions • idea : 2 compounds are reacted together and the first part of each compound will switch places • general equation : WX + YZ  WZ + YX • examples : • NaOH (aq)+ HCl (aq)  NaCl (aq) + H-OH (l) • Ba(OH)2 (aq)+Na2(SO4) (aq)  Ba(SO4) (aq) + 2 NaOH (aq)

  7. Complete Combustion • Idea: the addition of a hydrocarbon to oxygen in the presence of a spark or flame will generate liquid water and carbon dioxide gas • General equation: • CxHy +?O2 (g)? CO2 (g) + y/2 H2O (l) • Example: C3H8 (g) + 5 O2 (g)  3 CO2 (g) + 4 H2O (l)

  8. Practice • p. 121 4-7 • p. 128 1 -4 • p. 138 1-3

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