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MEDICAL ETHICS

MEDICAL ETHICS. Dr. Riyaz Mather. ETHICS. Described as the ‘science’ of morality. And defines systems of moral values. Medical ethics The standards of conduct and competence expected of medical professionals, some of which are captured in legislation.

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MEDICAL ETHICS

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  1. MEDICAL ETHICS Dr. Riyaz Mather

  2. ETHICS • Described as the ‘science’ of morality. • And defines systems of moral values. • Medical ethics • The standards of conduct and competence expected of medical professionals, some of which are captured in legislation. • The study of moral problems raised by the practice of medicine.

  3. DIFFICULT ETHICAL PROBLEMS • Human cloning • Predictive genetic testing • New reproductive technologies • Antenatal screening • Abortion • Brain death • Organ transplantation, • End-of-life issues • Assisted suicide

  4. Ethical problems can be analysed in a variety of ways, leading to different conclusions. it may be necessary to apply several analytical approaches and attempt to reconcile the conclusions.

  5. Virtue ethics • Character of the persons involved and with their actions. • Focus on the characteristics of a virtuous person and the action they would take. • Deontological ethics • Whether a proposed action or course of action, in itself and regardless of its consequences, is right or wrong. • Action is right if it is in accordance with an established moral rule or principle. • Teleological ethics • The consequences of a proposed action. • Are they likely to be good or bad, in the short term and long term, for the patient, doctor, family and society. • Situation ethics • Context.

  6. APPLICATION • Clinical ethics – • Relationship between clinicians and patients. • Public health ethics – • Health issues of groups of people – the community. • Research ethics – • Issues related to clinical research.

  7. Principles of clinical ethics

  8. TYPES OF ETHICAL PROBLEMS

  9. Ethical analysis • Moral reasoning – process of thinking through ethical problems and reaching a conclusion. • Decision-maker to grow personally & professionally. • Allows communication of the process by which a decision is made. • Permits the process to be constructively criticised. • Principlesapproach – principles of ethics. • Casuistry(cases) approach – precedent. • Perspectives(or narrative) approach – views of all. • Counter-argument approach – best ethical argument against is evaluated. • Application of rules – externally imposed rules.

  10. ‘ONION-PEEL’ APPROACH

  11. Reference : Davidson’s Principles and practice of medicine 22Ed THANK YOU… Next weeks topic : Research Methodology

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