Peripheral Edema Sensor

1. Peripheral Edema Sensor Jovan Popovich Mike Moeller Biomedical Engineering

2. Project Goal To develop a diagnostic method for testing peripheral edema using impedance analysis methods

3. Presentation Overview • Background on Edema • Current Assessment Technique • Proposal of Impedance Analysis • Background of Technique • Related Products/methods • Overview of Current Project • Testing Methods and Considerations • Challenges • Future Work

4. Edema Edema: excess fluid build-up in the interstitial tissue from homeostatic imbalance Affects 4.4 Million People in the United States

5. Causes of Edema • Congestive Heart Failure • Right Side • Kidney disease/damage • Loss of protein • High salt concentration • Liver disease • Drop in albumin level • Blood Clots and Tumors

6. Effects of Edema • Poor blood circulation • Increased local pressure • Loss of vessel elasticity • Painful Swelling • Problems with Constricting Clothes/Shoes • Difficulty in Walking

7. Current Medical Assessment of Edema • With no diagnostic device for tracking edema levels • Currently it is viewed only as an all-or-nothing symptom

8. Project Goal: Continuous Physiological Monitor Provides Physician with a better insight as to when and why a patient’s symptoms are occurring • Need for a Chronic Edema Sensor • Indication of type of disorder • Reveal severity of problem • Reveal triggers and possible causes • Show what effects medication has http://www.data-input.de/media/elektroden-anleitung-fuss.jpg

9. Impedance Analysis • Cell/Tissue have unique Dielectric properties • Frequency dependent response • Technique has been used for Biosensing Applications • Potential for miniaturization and portable devices

10. Body Composition Monitor • Determines: • Total body fat • Skeletal muscle • Resting metabolism • Body mass index • Uses full body analysis instead of localized tests

11. Measurement Setup • Two Electrode Technique • LCR Meter: integrates both characteristics • Four Electrode Technique • Requires advanced measurement tool

12. Impedance Analysis Equipment • LCR Meter for preliminary testing • Measurements: 100Hz, 120Hz, 1kHz, 10kHz, 100kHz • Yields resistance values (ohms), and phase angle • Impedance Analyzer • Measurement signals: up to MHz range • Yields tabulated impedance and phase values • Also can show temperature (ohmic heating)

13. Electrodes • Skin Impedance • Precise impedance characteristics: Zskin-electrode = Zelectr. + Zcont. + Zskin • Location • Good Contact • Electrode Material

14. Overall Testing Considerations • Electrode Characteristics • Tissue Analogue Testing • Efficacy/Reproducibility of data • Trial Testing

15. Anticipated Challenges • Correct Estimation of skin contact impedance • Interpreting and correlating data to Edema symptoms • Sensitivity • Finding participants for clinical trials

16. Material Costs

17. Research Schedule

18. Project Summary • Bioimpedance analysis to measure peripheral edema • Develop reliable, repeatable testing method • Electrode Design • Signal • Time Course • Eventually Consideration: portable sensor • Data used for feedback on patient symptom severity and patient/drug response

19. Research Personnel Advisors/Contacts Prof. Mansoor Nasir • Research Advisor Prof. Kenneth Cook • Tech. consultant Researchers Michael Moeller • Research mech. design & placement • Data Collection • Report: background writing Jovan Popovich • Research further in BIA • Data Interpretation • Report: data plotting, discussion

20. References • http://www-rohan.sdsu.edu/~ens304l/electrodes.jpg • http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/159111.php • http://www.med724.com/product-p/mmm-2231-pack.htm?site=google_base • http://www.medicinenet.com/edema/page5.htm • http://www.skintact.com/46.0.html

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26. Consideration: Sensor Device

27. Measurement Setup