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Coordination Compounds

Coordination Compounds. Chapter 22. 20.3 Coordination Compounds. Metallic salts are surrounded by water when they dissolve. Dipoles in water are attracted to the ions. Complexes and Ligands.

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Coordination Compounds

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  1. Coordination Compounds Chapter 22

  2. 20.3 Coordination Compounds • Metallic salts are surrounded by water when they dissolve. • Dipoles in water are attracted to the ions.

  3. Complexes and Ligands • Ions in which a metal ion and either water or ammonia molecules compose a unit are examples of coordination compounds or complex ions. • Compounds containing a complex ion as part of their structure are called coordination compounds.

  4. Complexes and Ligands • You can write a complex ion as a hydrate, or (more current) as a single structure. NiCl2•6H2O OR [Ni(H2O)6]Cl2

  5. Complexes and Ligands • All coordiation complexes contain a metal atom/ion as the central part of the structure. • Ligands are molecules or ions bonded to the metal. • the number of ligands attached to the metal defines the coordination number

  6. Complexes and Ligands • Ligands are usually either neutral molecules or anions. Must have a lone pair of electrons (Lewis base)! • The attachment is called a coordinate covalent bond. • Net charge is the sum of the charges on the metal and its attached groups.

  7. Formulas of Coordination Complexes • Problem: Give the formulas of the following coordination complex: A Ni2+ ion is bound to two water molecules and two bidentate oxalate ions. This complex ion is constructed from two neutral H2O molecules, two C2O42- ions, and one Ni2+ ion, so the net charge is 2-. The formula is [Ni(C2O4)2(H2O)2]2-.

  8. Practice Problem • What is the formula of a complex ion composed of one Co3+ ion, three ammonia molecules, and three Cl- ions? • Determine the metal’s oxidation number and coordination number in (a) K3[Co(NO2)6] (b) Mn(NH3)4Cl2

  9. Naming Coordination Compounds • Name the cation first and then the anion. • For a complex ion, name the ligands first, in alphabetical order (disregard prefix), followed by the name of the metal.

  10. Naming Coordination Compounds • Ligands and their names: • If anion is –ite or –ate, the final e is changed to o. • If anion ends in –ide, the ending is changed to o. • If neutral molecule, its common name is used except for water (aqua), ammonia (ammine), and CO (carbonyl). • Use prefixes as needed.

  11. Naming Coordination Compounds • If the coordination complex is an anion, the suffix –ate is added to the metal name. • Following the name of the metal, the oxidation number of the metal is given as Roman numerals.

  12. Practice Problem • Name the following coordination compounds. • [Ni(H2O)6]SO4 • K[Pt(NH3)Cl3] • K[CuCl2]

  13. Homework • After reading Section 22.3, you should be able to do the following: • P.1055 (9-18)

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