Civil Rights Women, Latinos, Asians and Native Americans

1. Civil RightsWomen, Latinos, Asians and Native Americans Objectives: To understand how other groups used experiences of blacks to gain rights Do Now: How did Malcolm X’s philosophy change throughout his life

2. Feminism • Born in 1895, the term feminism describes equality between men and women. • Feminist sought to make this happen • 1950s– What were the stereotypes? • WWII’s impact • Post WWII college 25%. 1970=43% BA • Why the reluctance to hire women? • 1963 .59/1 1973 .57/1 Results= Frustration

3. Contributions of Civil Right Movement • What were the contributions? • Bills • Title VII • EEOC • Arguments

4. How? • Organization • Common Purpose • NOW– National Organization for Women • Fair Pay • Equal work opportunities • Attacked the “false image of women” • Within 4 years—15000 members • Arguments for and against

5. Results of Feminism • New ideas for women. • Book– Our Bodies, Ourselves– 1970– understand health issues—3 million issues by 1990 • 1972 Ms. Magazine founded by Gloria Steinem– Contrast to Good Housekeeping and Ladies’ Home Journal—300,000 copies within 8 days—200,000 subscribers within a year • 1972 Higher Education Act– Prohibited Sex Discrimination

7. More Changes • Shirley Chisholm of New York sought the presidency. Won support in the Democratic National Convention but withdrew • 1973 Roe v. Wade– Divided the movement • 1972 Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) was introduced but failed to pass • “Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of sex.”

8. Latinos • Three major groups • Puerto Ricans in the Northeast • Cubans in Florida • Chicanos in the Southwest • Chicanos=largest population • WWII-1967 Braceros– Temp Farm Hands • Eisenhower: 1950 “Operation Wetback”– Deport illegals • Organization throughout 1960s • Cesar Chavez became the leader of the migrant farmers– the most exploited group of Latinos

9. Organization of UFW • Chavez believed that unionization was the best bet to gain attention • United Farm Workers gained support as they went from door to door. • Non-violent approach • Organized boycott of grapes grown on non-union farms • 1975– California law requiring collective bargaining

10. Latino Political Progress • During the 1960s, Gonzalez, Montoya, and Garza gained positions in congress • La Raza Unida, a political party in 1970 helped to gain national attention to the civil injustice that existed.

11. Asian American Protest • Compensation for internment during WWII through the Japanese American Citizens League (JACL) • Lower wage earnings were protested yet Asian-Americans were well-educated. • Hawaii became a state in 1959 gave a voice to Asian-Americans in congress

12. Native Americans • Native Americans sought to gain their land back. • Offered money but did not want it • 1968 Dennis Banks and George Mitchell organized the American Indian Movement (AIM) • Focused on cultural pride, autonomy, and control of native lands and the natural resources that exist on those lands • Militant approach was criticized

13. Examples of Actions • Mayflower Thanksgiving 1970 • Mt. Rushmore July 5, 1971 • Bureau of Indian Affairs Nov. 1972

14. Reactions to Activism • Indian Education Act– Allowed reservations more control of schools • Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act of 1975- Gave more autonomy and allowed them to administer federal welfare programs • Also continued to regain lands and resources associated with the lands.