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Find scholarly literature in one place from all areas, languages, and time periods. Access worldwide research, full articles, and more. Enjoy the magic of discovery with this free, powerful tool.
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Searching Scholarly Literature The Google Scholar Approach Anurag Acharya acha@google.com
Goal: Best possible scholarly search • Single place to find scholarly literature • All areas, all languages, all time • Include all research from everywhere • Provide worldwide visibility to all research • Index full articles, not just abstracts • Much of the magic in Science lies in serendipity • Free for all users!
Overview • How far have we come? • Largest scholarly search on the planet • The most used scholarly search by far • Worldwide cooperation with publishers/libraries • Citing articles, related, recent ranking, alerts • New direction • Google Scholar Citations
Coverage - sources • All major and mid-size publishers/societies • Elsevier, Springer, Wiley, Science, Nature, APS, ACS, IEEE, ACM, IOP, OUP, Sage, JSTOR, Taylor & Francis, Highwire, LWW, Wanfang Data, Chongqing VIP Info,… • Most smaller publishers & journals • All major public A&Is • PubMed, INIST, ADS, DTIC, ERIC, AGRIS, WHO,… • Google Books, US/CAN/EU/WO Patents • Repositories: arXiv, PubMed, RePec, SSRN,…
Coverage - languages • All major languages with scholarly content • Latin and Cyrillic languages • Simplified/Traditional Chinese • Japanese, Korean • All regions with significant num of articles • US, China, UK, Brazil, Germany, France, Japan, Korea, Australia, India, Italy, Spain, Canada, Turkey, Mexico, Netherlands, Latin America, Scandinavia, Africa,… • All indexing automated
Usage • Sustained growth – year over year • Source countries: • US, China, UK, Brazil, Australia, Germany, • Japan, Canada, Turkey, Netherlands, Taiwan, • India, South Korea, France, Spain, Italy, • Sweden, South Africa, Mexico, Thailand, • Malaysia, Indonesia, Switzerland, NZ, Columbia • …, Burundi, Djibouti, Albania, Barbados,… • …, Eritrea, Somalia, Niger, Laos, Congo, …
Cooperation with libraries • Library links • Direct access to library’s subscriptions • Additional links in results for affiliated users • Automated identification of user affiliation • Over 4000 libraries worldwide, 30 consortia • Library Search • Direct links to nearby library catalogs • 25 national union catalogs
Google Scholar Citations • Simple way to track citations to author’s articles. • Compute citation metrics, citation graphs • Citation metrics for all articles in all journals • Create automatically maintained profile • Citation metrics are automatically updated • Public profiles can appear in Google Scholar results
How well does it work? • Most users take about 10 mins to setup • Automatically finds all of author’s papers • Sometimes, even ones forgotten by authors • Citation metrics automatically updated • As yet in limited release • Planning to release to all users soon!
Finally… • Lucky to live in era of information plenty • Better information glut than information famine • Lucky to live in the era of connectivity • Everyone everywhere can help build the same cathedral of knowledge • Lucky to live in the era of rapid change • Opportunity to leave the world a little bit better