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Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG)

Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG). Aug’10 – Dec ’10 . Introduction. Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG), an extremely versatile 2-D graphics format designed primarily for the Web This chapter is divided into four sections:

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Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG)

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  1. Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) Aug’10 – Dec ’10

  2. Introduction Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG), an extremely versatile 2-D graphics format designed primarily for the Web This chapter is divided into four sections: ❑ An overview of SVG, what tools are available to the developer ❑ A hands-on section demonstrating some of the basics of SVG in code examples ❑ A simple but complete browser-based SVG application constructed using XHTML and SVG, as well as a script manipulating the XML DOM ❑ A summary of the contents of the SVG specification Aug’10 – Dec ’10

  3. What Is SVG? a language for creating graphical documents can be generated and processed using standard XML tools documents can be viewed in browsers with the appropriate plug-in animation and scripting capabilities sophisticated graphic filtering, processing, and geometry a dominant format on mobile phones and browsers current version of SVG is 1. The SVG specification is available at www.w3.org/TR/SVG/. Aug’10 – Dec ’10

  4. Scalable, Vector, Graphics JPEG and GIF – bitmapped format – pixel by pixel (unlike SVG) SVG - defines how images should be drawn using a series of statements. Several advantages: SVG image files - significantly smaller in size an image can be treated as separate objects and manipulated independently vector graphic images can easily be resized – “scalable” – suitable for mobile phones XSLT, DOM, interoperability – availble for use – true XML! SVG has a powerful scripting facility built in! Aug’10 – Dec ’10

  5. Putting SVG to Work Uses of SVG – 3 categories: Static graphics rendering—to define a fixed image – “vector-based” Self-contained applications— animation and scripting capabilities of SVG are used to provide dynamic, interactive graphics. OPEN standard! Works with XHTML, Ajax… to build secure apps Server-based applications— SVG provides the front end for bigger and more complex systems ex: GIS – produce maps on-the-fly based on client requests Aug’10 – Dec ’10

  6. An SVG Toolkit Viewer (SVG enabled browser) Firefox, Opera, Konqueror, or Safari or IE+Adobe plug-in Batik, the Java toolkit for SVG – “Squiggle” provides useful error messages Adobe PDFs allow for embedded SVG – “Mars project” for XML-based print formats -Editor text editor is certainly adequate SVG Validator - http://jiggles.w3.org/svgvalidator Amaya, a combined web browser and editor with support for SVG XMLSpy, Codeplot -Programming Tools self-contained SVG applications - any JavaScript editor, jEdit, syntax highlighting SVG-specific programming libraries- librsvg, CPAN, SVGDraw, SVG# Apache Batik Dojo Toolkit - to build crossbrowser Ajax applications Aug’10 – Dec ’10

  7. Getting Started <?xml version=”1.0”?> <!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC “-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN” “http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd”> <svgxmlns=”http://www.w3.org/2000/svg” version=”1.1”> <rect x=”100” y=”10” width=”100” height=”100” fill=”green” /> </svg> <svg> element clearly marks the boundaries of the SVG material <rect> element defines a rectangle, with its attributes fill attribute x, y – measured from top left Aug’10 – Dec ’10

  8. Steps: install an SVG viewer Open a text editor and type in the following code <?xml version=”1.0”?> <!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC “-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN” “http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd”> <svgxmlns=”http://www.w3.org/2000/svg” version=”1.1”> <rect x=”1” y=”1” width=”100” height=”100” fill=”none” stroke=”blue” stroke-width=”10” /> <line x1=”10” y1=”10” x2=”90” y2=”90” stroke=”green” stroke-width=”4” /> <circlecx=”50” cy=”50” r=”30” fill=”red” /> </svg> Save as shapes.svg Open shapes.svg in your viewer Aug’10 – Dec ’10

  9. O/P OF THE CODE Aug’10 – Dec ’10

  10. Views and Units relative units, absolute units, or percentages eight kinds of absolute units in SVG: ❑ em to measure units using font height ❑ px to measure units using pixels ❑ pt to measure units using points (often used in graphic design and publishing) ❑ pc to measure units using picas (often used in graphic design and publishing) ❑ cm to measure units using centimeters ❑ mm to measure units using millimeters ❑ in to measure units using inches <rect x=”1” y=”1” width=”2in” height=”2in” fill=”none” stroke=”blue” stroke-width=”10” /> the root <svg> element is considered a view and can be customized using the width, height, and viewBox attributes Aug’10 – Dec ’10

  11. The Painter’s Model The order in which the elements appear is significant – it is the order in which visual objects are rendered: painter’s model <circlecx=”50” cy=”50” r=”30” fill=”red” /> <line x1=”10” y1=”10” x2=”90” y2=”90” stroke=”green” stroke-width=”4” /> <rect x=”1” y=”1” width=”100” height=”100” fill=”none” stroke=”blue” stroke-width=”10” /> Notice the difference: Aug’10 – Dec ’10

  12. Grouping <g> element enables you to group related elements helps if u want elements to share properties <g stroke=”green” stroke-width=”4”> <circlecx=”50” cy=”50” r=”30” fill=”red” /> <line x1=”10” y1=”10” x2=”90” y2=”90” /> </g> Transformations transform attribute enables modification of a shape or set of shapes defined in a group ❑ translate displays the shapes shifted vertically or horizontally by specified distances. ❑ rotate rotates the shapes by a given angle around the origin or a specified point. ❑ scale makes the shapes larger or smaller by a specified ratio. ❑ skewX leans the shapes along the x-axis. ❑ skewY leans the shapes along the y-axis <rect x=”1” y=”1” width=”100” height=”100” fill=”none” stroke=”blue” stroke-width=”10” transform=”translate(100,100) rotate(45)”/> Aug’10 – Dec ’10

  13. Transform continued… <rect x=”1” y=”1” width=”100” height=”100” fill=”none” stroke=”blue” stroke-width=”10” transform=”translate(100,100) rotate(45)”/> The transform attribute actually modifies the coordinate space of the element and its children elements used with <g> usually Aug’10 – Dec ’10

  14. Paths An SVG <path> element describes the behavior of a virtual pen, which can be used to create practically any shape you like. can draw straight-line segments and curves can move the pen with or w/o drawing <line x1=”10” y1=”10” x2=”90” y2=”90” stroke=”green” stroke-width=”4” /> <path d=”M 10,10 L 90,90” stroke=”green” stroke-width=”4” /> Inside the d attribute is the path data M –move the virtual pen to (10,10) L – draw line from current point to abs pt (90,90) Path commands are case sensitive Uppercase letters (L, M, and so on) – abs co-ordinates Lowercase lettters (l,m,….) – relative co-ordinates Aug’10 – Dec ’10 0

  15. Commands that can appear in paths Aug’10 – Dec ’10

  16. drawback : difficult to write the code manually and make sense of existing code <path d=”M1 1L1 100L100 100L100 1z M10 10l80 80M30 70.7a30 30 1 1 1 1 1” stroke=”pink” stroke-width=”5” /> Aug’10 – Dec ’10

  17. Images <svg version=”1.1” xmlns=”http://www.w3.org/2000/svg” xmlns:xlink=”http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink”> <rect x=”10” y=”10” width=”120” height=”120” fill=”yellow” stroke=”green” stroke-width=”4” /> <image xlink:href=”http://www.jpeg.org/images/flag_fr.jpg” type=”image/jpeg” x=”20” y=”20” width=”100” height=”100” /> </svg> Aug’10 – Dec ’10

  18. Text text in SVG is that it is real text In SVG, text is a first-class citizen – can copy from graphics, read text from src code and modify DOM tree support for almost all languages <svg version=”1.1” xmlns=”http://www.w3.org/2000/svg”> <rect x=”10” y=”10” width=”120” height=”120” fill=”yellow” stroke=”green” stroke-width=”4” /> <text x=”15” y=”70” font-size=”20” fill=”red”>SVG is XML</text> </svg> Aug’10 – Dec ’10

  19. Comments, Annotation, and Metadata <svg version=”1.1” xmlns=”http://www.w3.org/2000/svg”> <!-- This is an XML comment --> <title>This is the title of the document</title> <desc>This is the description of the document</desc> <circlecx=”60” cy=”60” r=”50” fill=”red”> <title>This is a circle</title> <desc>The color is red.</desc> </circle> <g> <title>This is a collection of squares</title> <desc>The squares are arranged in a grid.</desc> <rect x=”45” y=”45” width=”10” height=”10” /> <rect x=”65” y=”45” width=”10” height=”10” /> <rect x=”45” y=”65” width=”10” height=”10” /> <rect x=”65” y=”65” width=”10” height=”10” /> </g> </svg> <title>, <desc>, <metadata> tags Aug’10 – Dec ’10

  20. the document title (“This is the title of the document”) - in the title bar if the mouse pointer is over an element, or part of a group - <title> or <desc> text may be displayed <metadata> element allows more complex machine-readable data to be included in the document features of SVG make it particularly good for communication (zoom for those with poor vision, <desc> for text to speech screen readers) Aug’10 – Dec ’10

  21. Scripting ECMAScript, international standard version of JavaScript SVG object model not all browsers provide support for SVG scripting <?xml version=”1.0” standalone=”no”?> <!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC “-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN” “http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd”> <svgxmlns=”http://www.w3.org/2000/svg” version=”1.1”> <polygon points=”150,100, 50,100 100,29.3” fill=”green” onclick=”handleClick(evt)” /> <script type=”text/ecmascript”> <![CDATA[ function handleClick(evt) { var polygon = evt.target; polygon.setAttribute(“fill”, “red”); } ]]> </script> </svg> Aug’10 – Dec ’10

  22. SVG on Your Website two ways to give the browser a hint about SVG content: ❑ Give the file an appropriate extension—.svg for regular SVG files and .svgz for gzip compressed files. ❑ Most important, ensure that the web server delivers the document with the right MIME type. Apache-based services: create a file called .htaccess (note the initial dot) in the top-level directory, below which your SVG files appear, and enter the following text: AddType image/svg+xmlsvg AddType image/svg+xmlsvgz AddEncodinggzipsvgz download tool such as wget – to check what the MIME type is. for SVG it is : image/svg+xml Aug’10 – Dec ’10

  23. The SVG Specification Introduction Concepts Rendering Model Basic Data Types and Interfaces Document Structure Styling Coordinate Systems, Transformations and Units Paths Basic Shapes Text Painting: Filling, Stroking, and Marker Symbols Color Gradients and Patterns Aug’10 – Dec ’10

  24. SVG Spec Contd.. Clipping, Masking, and Compositing Filter effects Interactivity Linking Scripting Animation Fonts Meta Data Backward compatibility Extensibility Aug’10 – Dec ’10

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