Critical Thinking محمد جواد رستمی

1. Critical Thinkingمحمد جواد رستمی

2. Critical Thinking • consists of mental processes of discernment, analyzing, and evaluating • includes all possible processes of reflecting upon a tangible or intangible item in order to form a solid judgment that reconcile scientific evidence with common sense

3. Examples of Critical Thinking

4. What is Critical Thinking? CRITICAL THINKING is the active and systematic process of • Communication • Problem-solving • Evaluation • Analysis • Synthesis • Reflection both individually and in communityto • Foster understanding • Support sound decision-making and • Guide action

5. Why is critical thinking important to us? • Critical thinking is critical to employers (case of McNeil) • Can you analyze situations? • Can you solve problems? • Can you communicate your position logically? • Can you make good decisions (based on data, not feelings)? • کدامیک عامل مهمتری در مرگ و میر است؟ • قتل یا خودکشی • سیل یا سل • طوفان یا آسم

6. Why is critical thinking important to learning? • Graduate-level learning is deeper than memorizing facts: • Science – analyzing results of experiments in light of existing theories • Math – selecting appropriate problem-solving strategy for word problems • Humanities – putting literature and art into historical context • Health fields – evaluating patients and making decisions in clinical settings (Diagnose) • Communications – debate; persuasive writing • Criminal justice/fire science – reacting correctly to simulations • Political science/sociology – analyzing others’ points of view

7. Why is critical thinking important to society? • Failure in critical thinking are disastrous • Space Shuttle Columbia • Levee construction in New Orleans • Faulty critical thinking can lead to wrong conclusions • Biased polls adversely affect public opinion • 80 percent of Americans think the government is hiding knowledge of the existence of aliens. 3 million Americans believe they've had a possible encounter with aliens

8. Students’ What’s in it for me? • Critical thinking in the world of work • Medical – evaluating patients’ symptoms • Technology – problem-solving software/engineering solutions • Counter-terrorism – synthesizing intelligence to predict future events • Criminal justice/fire science – analyzing the scene • Government – solving problems like hurricane relief • Education – reflecting on student success resulting from your teaching • Business – analyzing information to detect trends; ethical decisions • Journalism – communicating fairly

9. روزنامه نگاری مقدماتی • آقای حکیم زاده، مدیر دبیرستان البرز امروز اعلام کرد که دوشنبه آینده تمام معلمان دبیرستان برای شرکت در کنفرانسی درباره روشهای جدید تدریس به همدان سفرخواهند کرد. دکتر بحرالعلوم، استاد مردمشناسی دانشگاه همدان، پروفسور سلامتی مدیر آموزش و پرورش و آقای اکرمی فرماندارهمدان ازجمله سخنرانان این کنفرانس یک روزه خواهند بود. لید خبری یا تیتر مناسبی برای گزارش فوق بنویسید.

10. Students’ What’s in it for me? (continued) • Critical thinking in everyday life: • How should I prepare for a hurricane? Should I evacuate? • What is the safest way to travel? • What are my real chances of winning the lottery? • Why is my good friend angry at me? • What questions should I ask myself about a headline? • Which phone company plan is best for my needs?

11. Characteristics of a Good Critical Thinker

12. Dwelling comfortably in the land of "no single correct answer" • possibility that what counts as the "best" answer is subject to change as conditions warrant • no teacher's manual with answers to life's problems helpfully listed in the back

13. Formulating Questions • questions prompt our thinking • children are famous question askers

14. Switching critical lenses with growing ease, and recognizing that one's critical lens determines what one sees • "Critical lens," is shorthand for "perspective" or "point of view.“ • East of China • even seemingly simple observations grow richer and more complex

15. Honing the perceptual skills that feed the pool of "intellectual raw data" that makes complex conceptions possible • to think we must take the time to notice our worlds, collecting data through our senses, our experiences, and our reading and research • City of Blinds • Polling of elections (Normal Distribution Curve) • keen perceivers make strong thinkers

16. Knowing how to move from both the general to the specific (deduction) and the specific to the general (induction) • apply general principles to individual cases • Despite being the eighth wealthiest man in Britain in 2002, Lakshmi Mittal does not hold British citizenship • extract general principles from a collection of individual cases: Stereotype of all Chinese eat dogs and cats

17. Making cross-disciplinary, cross-media connections • unlikely connections can lead to valuable insights • The Nation, Counterpoint, Lobelog • Crony Capitalism • Lakshmi Mittal Reading China Daily

18. Willingly setting aside the widely accepted "correct" answer to explore other options • sometimes, outlandish ideas can become standard ideas • Breakout vs. SWU (separative work units) • صالحی:SWUواحد کار جداسازی است که توانمندی یک سانتریفیوژ را در جداسازی نشان می‌دهد. بنابراین غنی‌سازی را بر اساس سو تعیین می‌کنیم نه تعداد یا نوع ماشین‌های سانتریفیوژ • وی گفت: در غنی‌سازی باید تعیین کنیم به چه میزان واحد غنی‌سازی نیازداریم و این‌که از چه تعداد ماشین و یا چه نسلی استفاده می‌کنیم بحثی جداگانه است.

21. Considering the moral and ethical domain:  No human is an island. • most Valuable Intellectual Traits of critical and creative thinkers fall into the realm of morals and ethics

22. The Art of Decision Making Found a better way? If necessary