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ORIGINS OF THE WAR

ORIGINS OF THE WAR. Japanese aggression Manchuria Mongolia China When? 1931-40 Why? Natural Resources Oil Rubber Tin Metals. AMERICA ENTERS THE WAR. When? 1941 Why? Pearl Harbor Attack December 7, 1941 Japan declares war on U.S. Tripartite Pact members follow

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ORIGINS OF THE WAR

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  1. ORIGINS OF THE WAR • Japanese aggression • Manchuria • Mongolia • China • When? 1931-40 • Why? Natural Resources • Oil • Rubber • Tin • Metals

  2. AMERICA ENTERS THE WAR • When? • 1941 • Why? • Pearl Harbor Attack • December 7, 1941 • Japan declares war on U.S. • Tripartite Pact members follow • Japanese Motivations: • Eliminate threat posed by U.S. Pacific Fleet • Open up Western Pacific / East Asia for exploitation • Japanese Government dominated by Tojo & Army • Japan Strikes – Where? • Hawaii – Pearl Harbor (US) • Philippines (US) • French Indochina (Fr.) • Southeast Asia (UK) • Indonesia (Holland)

  3. JAPANESE “ZERO”, 1941-42PRIMARY FIGHTER PLANE OF JAPANESE NAVY & ARMY

  4. THE PACIFIC CAMPAIGN • Who leads the way? • U.S. Navy: Adm. Chester W. Nimitz* • U.S. Army: Gen. Douglas MacArthur • *USMC forces under his command • Strategy: • 2-Pronged Strategey: • -Strangle Japanese shipping • -Isolate & Eliminate Japanese – held islands • Additional 3rd Element: • -Bombing campaign against Japanese mainland • Where? • Central Pacific: USN / USMC • South Pacific: USA, USAAF, USN / USMC • Allied Forces: Australia

  5. The Major Battles • May, 1942: Coral Sea - Tie • June, 1942: Midway – Turning Point in War • Jul.’42 – Aug.’43: New Guinea • Aug.’42 – Feb.’43: Guadalcanal • Nov.’43: Tarawa • June, 1944: Saipan • Oct.’44 - Feb.’45: Philippines Invasion • Feb.’45: Iwo Jima • April, 1945: Okinawa

  6. MIDWAY • When? June 4-5, 1942 • Where? Central Pacific – Midway Island • Who? • Japanese Fleet (Admiral Nagumo): 4 Carriers • U.S. Fleet (Admiral Nimitz): 3 Carriers • Results: • Devastating defeat for Japan – All 4 carriers sunk • U.S. loses 1 carrier • Turning point in the Pacific war • Japan now on defensive until end of war

  7. U.S.S. YORKTOWN, CV-5

  8. DAUNTLESS DIVE BOMBERU.S. NAVY, 1942 • PRIMARY DIVE BOMBER OF U.S. NAVY & USMC IN PACIFIC THEATRE

  9. DESTRUCTION OF JAPANESE FLEET, BATTLE OF MIDWAY

  10. The End of the War • Japan Loses Ground: Why? • U.S. submarine campaign • Massive U.S. bombing campaign • Heavy battlefield casualties • Desperate measures: • “Kamikaze” (Define) campaign • “No surrender” on battlefield • Homeland defense training • U.S. Closes in: How will the war End?

  11. The Atomic Bomb • When? • 1942 -1945 • Where? • Oak Ridge, Tennessee • Los Alamos, New Mexico • Codename: The Manhattan Project • Who? • Gen. Leslie Groves • J. Robert Oppenheimer • The First Test: • July 16, 1945 • Trinity Site, Alamogordo, New Mexico • Success

  12. THE MANHATTAN PROJECT

  13. TRINITY TEST SITE TOWER

  14. TRINITY TEST, JULY 16, 1945

  15. DETONATION SEQUENCE

  16. 10 SEC. AFTER DETONATION

  17. DETONATION – FROM DISTANCE

  18. To Bomb Or Not To Bomb • Why drop the bomb? • Prevent an invasion of Japan • Prevent the risk of massive casualties • End the war more quickly • Why Not? • Is it ethical? • Do we really need to? • Do we understand the long-term effects? • What do YOU think?

  19. THE ATOMIC BOMBINGS • When? • August 6, 1945: Hiroshima • August 9, 1945: Nagasaki • Effect? Describe: • Result? Sept. 2, 1945 – Japan Surrenders • World War II Ends

  20. TIBBETS & SWEENY

  21. Major Charles Sweeny, U.S. Army A.F., Lead Pilot, Nagasaki Mission

  22. NAGASAKI BOMBER B-29 SUPERFORTRESS “BOCKS CAR”

  23. AERIAL VIEW - NAGASAKI BEFORE BOMBING

  24. AERIAL VIEW – NAGASAKI AFTER BOMBING

  25. NAGASAKI BOMBINGAUGUST 9, 1945

  26. “LITTLE MAN” ATOMIC BOMB

  27. “FAT BOY” ATOMIC BOMB

  28. TYPES OF ATOM BOMBS • Hiroshima “Gun” Bomb • Nagasaki “Implosion” Bomb

  29. ATOMIC BOMB FIGURES • WW II ATOMIC BOMBS: • 1000 TONS OF TNT = 1 “KILOTON” • WW II BOMBS = 13,000 TONS = 13 KILOTONS • 1952 “HYDROGEN” BOMB: • 1 MIL. TONS OF TNT = 1 “MEGATON” • HYDROGEN BOMB = 3 MIL. TONS OF TNT = 3 MEGATONS • 1955: U.S. HAD 30,000+ MEGATONS OF NUCLEAR WEAPONRY • ALL EXPLOSIVE ORDNANCE USED BY ALL NATIONS IN WWII ADDED TOGETHER = 1.2 MEGATONS

  30. HIROSHIMA – AFTER BOMBING

  31. HIROSHIMA “SHADOW”

  32. NAGASAKI AFTERMATH

  33. NAGASAKI DEAD, 1945

  34. JAPANESE URBAN TARGETS

  35. NAGASAKI BLAST RADIUS

  36. NAGASAKI BOMB CASUALTIES • DISTANCE FROM GROUND ZERO (KM): • 0-1.0 km: 88% Killed, 6% Injured, Pop.: 30,900 • 1.0-2.5 km: 34% Killed, 29% Injured, Pop.: 27,700 • 2.5-5.0 km: 11% Killed, 10% Injured, Pop.: 115,200 • TOTAL: 22% Killed, 12% Injured,Pop.: 173,800

  37. ATOMIC BOMB CASUALTIES

  38. BOMBING EFFECTS ON JAPAN

  39. 20-KILOTON BLAST ESTIMATE

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