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Earth, Moon, and Beyond. Day and Night. The sun is the star at the center of our solar system. It gives off energy. The cycle of day and night occurs because Earth rotates, or spins on its axis. Earth ’ s axis is an imaginary line that passes through the North and South Poles. 24 hour cycle.
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Day and Night • The sun is the star at the center of our solar system. It gives off energy. • The cycle of day and night occurs because Earth rotates, or spins on its axis. • Earth’s axis is an imaginary line that passes through the North and South Poles. • 24 hour cycle
Earth’s Seasons • Earth revolves or travels in a path around the sun. This path is called Earth’s orbit. • Seasons are produced by Earth’s tilt on its axis. • Earth is divided into 2 hemispheres by the equator which is an imaginary line. • When it is summer in the Northern Hemisphere it is winter in the Southern Hemisphere.
Revolves vs. Rotates • Earth REVOLVES around the sun in a year. • Earth ROTATES on its axis in a 24 hour day.
High and Lows • Seasons at the North and South Pole are very different from other places. • In the summer the poles get 6 months of daylight and no darkness. In winter there are 6 months of darkness and no daylight. • The South Pole has vey low temperatures all year long.
The Moon • Any natural body that revolves around a planet. • Rocky • Made up of aluminum, oxygen, calcium, silicon, and iron. • Contains craters which are bowl shaped areas on the surface. • No atmosphere or water.
Moons • Moons orbit planets, not the sun.
The Moon and the Earth Craters No Liquid Water or Air Liquid Water Rocky Moon Earth Dense Revolves Around A Planet Same Elements Atmosphere
The moon travels around the Earth. The moon rotates as it revolves. The moon rotates slower than the Earth. The moon does not give off its own light. As the moon orbits the Earth its position in the sky changes. A moon phase is one of the shapes the moon seems to have as it orbits Earth. The cycle takes 29 ½ days. The side of the moon we can not see from Earth was once called the dark side of the moon. This is incorrect because all sides of the moon receives light. Phases of the Moon
Eclipses • Occurs when one body in space blocks light from reaching another body. • On Earth, we see solar and lunar eclipses. • A solar eclipse occurs when a new moon casts a shadow on Earth. • A lunar eclipse occurs when a full moon passes through the shadow of Earth.
The Sun and Other Stars • The sun is a star which is a huge ball of hot gases in space. • The sun is the center of our solar system. • A solar system is made up of a star and planets and objects that revolve around that star. • The sun is important because of the energy it provides. • Scientists classify stars by color and brightness. • A constellation is a pattern of stars.
stars • Constellations appear to shift across the sky nightly. But it is earth that moves. • Different stars can be seen in different seasons.
Stars • Stars can be smaller, larger, brighter, farther away, closer. • Sun is the brightest because it is the closest to Earth. • Differ in size, brightness, appearance, in relation to distance. • They emit energy.
Inner Planets • A planet is a body that revolves around a star. • The four inner planets are Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars. • They are rocky and dense. • Mercury is closet planet to the sun. • The asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter.
What is a planet? • Large object in space that revolves in space around a sun on its own orbit.
Venus • Surrounded by thick clouds.
Outer Planets • There are 5 outer planets: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto. • The first four are gas giants (made mostly of hydrogen and helium) and Pluto is now considered a dwarf planet. • Jupiter is the largest planet. • There is a new dwarf planet Eris also called UB 313.
Beyond the Solar System • The universe is everything that exists which includes the stars, planets, dust, and energy. • A galaxy is gas, dust, and a group of stars. • Galaxies are classified by shapes.(irregular, elliptical, spiral, barred spiral)
Space Exploration • The telescope allows people to get a closer look at space. • Today scientists use telescopes, satellites, and space probes to explore space.
Space probe is a spaceship that investigates and transmits details to earth.
Lesson 3 • There are different types of galaxies. • Scientists classify them by their shape.
Colors of Stars • Characteristic that determines the color of a star is the temperature.
Sun’s Size • The sun is a medium sized star, but it looks larger because it is closer to earth than others.
Questions • What makes up a galaxy? • What is the name of our galaxy? • How does Earth’s Orbit affect the seasons? • What is the difference between rotate and revolve when referring to Earth? • How does the Earth and the moon compare?
QUESTIONS • What makes up our solar system? • How are the movement of the sun, moon, and stars connected? • How do starts differ? • If you were to survive on the moon, what supplies would you need?
