1 / 22

Cattell (1905-1998) & Eysenck (1916-1997)

Cattell (1905-1998) & Eysenck (1916-1997). Factor Analysis. Statistics technique Based on correlations Correlation coefficient - a measure of the association between two variables 0 = no association +1 = strong positive association – 1 = strong negative association . Correlations.

oke
Télécharger la présentation

Cattell (1905-1998) & Eysenck (1916-1997)

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Cattell (1905-1998)& Eysenck (1916-1997)

  2. Factor Analysis • Statistics technique • Based on correlations • Correlation coefficient - a measure of the association between two variables • 0 = no association • +1 = strong positive association • –1 = strong negative association

  3. Correlations high low low high low high Positive Correlation Negative Correlation

  4. Factor Analysis • Correlation matrix

  5. Cluster analysis • Factor - cluster of highly correlated measures (another word for “trait”)

  6. Warmth Reasoning Emotional Stability Dominance Liveliness Rule-Consciousness Social Boldness Sensitivity Vigilance Abstractedness Privateness Apprehension Openness to Change Self-Reliance Perfectionism Tension 16 Source Traits Measured by Cattell’s Questionnaire “16PF”

  7. The 16 Factor Theory: Cattell • surface traits: • traits that are correlated, but correlation is superficial (grouping them together does not really explain behavior) • source traits: • basic, underlying grouping of personality traits that cause behavior • Found 16 source traits • Constitutional source traits • Environmental-mold traits

  8. Beyond Personality Tests • Three Sources of Data • Q-data: questionnaire data (16PF, etc.) • T-data: objective test data (reaction time, etc.) • L-data: life record data (tickets, etc.)

  9. Nomothetic and Idiographic Approaches: • R-technique • nomothetic • studies groups • P-technique • idiographic • studies individuals

  10. Eysenck’s Views of Personality • Superfactors or types a. Extroversion (vs Introversion) b. Neuroticism (vs Stability) c. Psychoticism

  11. Biological Bases of Personality • Early version • emphasized excitation/inhibition • Later version • emphasized • the ascending reticular activating system (ARAS) • visceral brain (VB)

  12. Is Anatomy Destiny? • Cattell: Some traits are heritable; others are environmental • Eysenck: Superfactors are heritable

  13. Psychopathology Cattell: Two Approaches • Imbalance of normal traits • 12 Abnormal traits Eysenck • Abnormally high levels of the 3 superfactors

  14. Psychotherapy Cattell • Personality testing should precede therapy • Eclectic approach to therapy Eysenck • Personality testing should precede therapy • Only scientifically demonstrated therapies should be used (ie, behavior therapy okay, psychoanalysis not okay)

  15. The Big Five

  16. OPENNESS CONSCIENTIOUSNESS EXTRAVERSION AGREEABLENESS NEUROTICISM "ocean" The 5-factor model

  17. openness • original • imaginative • daring • has broad interests • aesthetically sensitive • needs variety • liberal in values

  18. Conscientiousness • careful • well-organized • punctual • ambitious • persevering

  19. Extraversion • sociable • fun-loving • affectionate • friendly

  20. Agreeableness • forgiving • lenient • sympathetic • agreeable • softhearted

  21. Neuroticism • worried • insecure • self-conscious • temperamental

  22. Heritability of the 5 factors .36 extraversion .28 agreeableness .31 neuroticism .28 conscientiousness .46 openness (Loehlin, 1992, p. 67)

More Related