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PowerPoint for Computer Service and Repair

PowerPoint for Computer Service and Repair. by JoAnne Keltner. Goodheart-Willcox Publisher 18604 West Creek Drive Tinley Park, IL 60477 www.g-w.com. Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational purposes only. Chapter 2 Operating Systems .

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PowerPoint for Computer Service and Repair

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  1. PowerPoint for Computer Service and Repair by JoAnne Keltner Goodheart-Willcox Publisher 18604 West Creek Drive Tinley Park, IL 60477 www.g-w.com Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational purposes only.

  2. Chapter 2Operating Systems

  3. What Is an Operating System? • An operating system is software that does the following: • Provides a file system structure. • Provides a means of communicating with computer system hardware. • Prevents running programs from interfering with one another.

  4. Importance to the PC Technician • This chapter introduces the function and terminology of computer operating systems. • Understanding how an operating system functions is essential to troubleshooting personal computers.

  5. Objectives • Identify various computer operating systems. • Explain minimum requirements of an operating system. • Describe the three core DOS files. • Identify DOS limitations.

  6. Objectives • Explain the differences between the various versions of the Windows operating system. • Describe the boot process. • Describe the relationship of application software, operating systems, BIOS, and system hardware components. • Describe the common characteristics of different operating systems.

  7. Presentation Outline 1 Operating System 2 Disk Operating System 3 Microsoft Windows Operating Systems 4 Non-Windows Operating Systems

  8. 1 OperatingSystem

  9. Kernel • The kernel is the core of the operating system.

  10. Operating System Communication User Application software Operating system software BIOS Computer hardware

  11. Operating System Characteristics • Ability to multitask. • A user interface. • A file structure. Click each link for details.

  12. Common OS Terminology • Configuration file. • Application software. • Drivers. • Software patches. Click each link for details.

  13. Review • Describe three functions of an operating system. • Provides a file system structure. • Provides a means of communicating with computer system hardware. • Prevents running programs from interfering with one another.

  14. Review • The _____ is the core of an operating system. • kernel

  15. Review • The _____ provides communication between application software and the BIOS. • operating system

  16. Review • A(n) _____ is used in an OS to keep track of file locations on a disk. • file allocation table

  17. Review • A software program that enables proper communication between the PC and peripherals is called a(n) _____. • driver

  18. 2 Disk Operating System

  19. Disk Operating System (DOS) • The Disk Operating System (DOS) set standards for Windows operating systems to follow. • The command line is used to enter commands and to open programs. • No multitasking or multiprocessor support.

  20. DOS Core Files

  21. DOS Commands • Internal commands are commands contained within the command.com file. • External commands are located in the DOS directory.

  22. Internal Commands

  23. External Commands

  24. DOS System Boot Disk • A DOS system boot disk contains the necessary files needed to boot the computer. • Booting refers to starting the computer and loading the OS. • To create a DOS boot disk, the format a: /s command is used.

  25. Naming DOS Files Examples: config.sys autoexec.bat myfile.txt • Eight point three (8.3) naming convention. • Eight-character or less filename, a period (dot), and a three-character extension.

  26. Common File Extensions

  27. Unacceptable Filename Characters | + = > < ? : [ ] • A period can only be used between the filename and extension.

  28. Warm and Cold Boot • Warm boot initiated by [Ctrl] [Alt] [Del]. • Cold boot initiated by turning the computer on with the switch.

  29. Config.sys • Used to load device drivers and to configure, disable, or enable OS features, such as number of files that can be opened. • Used in new operating systems to support legacy software applications.

  30. Config.sys Commands

  31. Autoexec.bat Commands

  32. Autoexec.bat • A text file used to load and run programs at startup. • Required for legacy programs.

  33. Review • What are the names of the three core DOS files? • io.sys • msdos.sys • command.com

  34. Review • Which of the following commands is used to create a DOS boot disk? • chkdsk a: /s • chkdsk a: /DOS • format a: /s • format a: /DOS 

  35. Review • Which file is used to load device drivers and to configure, disable, or enable OS features, such as the number of files that can be opened? • autoexec.bat • config.bat • autoexec.sys • config.sys 

  36. Review • What are some limitations of DOS? • 8.3 character-naming convention. • Command line only. • No multitasking or multiprocessor support.

  37. 3 Microsoft WindowsOperating Systems

  38. The Microsoft Windows Family Windows 3.x Windows 95 • Built on DOS. • Offered a GUI. • Stores configuration information in system.ini and win.ini. • Introduced the registry, Plug and Play, and the shortcut menu. • 32-bit OS. • Enhanced CD player. Windows 98 • Introduced support for DVD, MMX, AGP, and FAT32. • Integrated the Web browser.

  39. The Microsoft Windows Family (Cont.) Windows Me Windows NT • Introduced Advanced Network Wizard and System Restore tool. • Introduced support and drivers for video cameras. • New technologies added to the Windows 95 kernel. • Workstation and server version. • 32-bit OS with preemptive multitasking. • Enhanced security. • Limited user access.

  40. The Microsoft Windows Family (Cont.) Windows XP Windows2000 • Uses a modified NT kernel. • Dynamic file system (NTFS5.0). • Improved security. • Uses a modified NT kernel. • Windows XP Home Edition. • Windows XP Professional. Windows Vista • Not based on the NT kernel. • Enhanced user interface. • Enhanced security.

  41. Microsoft Windows Desktop Icons System tray Start button Taskbar

  42. Start Menu

  43. File Names—Windows 95 and Later • Long file names introduced. • Allowed for 255 characters. • Characters not allowed consist of the following: | * > < ? : / \ ″

  44. Windows 95, 98, Me Boot Sequence • Bootstrap program runs the Power-on self-test (POST). • MBR • io.sys • msdos.sys • config.sys • command.com • autoexec.bat • win.com

  45. Windows NT, 2000, XP Boot Sequence • Power-on self-test (POST) • MBR • NTLDR • boot.ini • ntdetect.com • ntoskrnl.exe • hall.dll • winlogon.exe

  46. Windows Vista Boot Sequence • Power-on self-test (POST) • MBR • bootmgr • winload.exe • ntoskrnl.exe • hal.dll • smss.exe • winlogon.exe

  47. Boot Sequence Comparison

  48. Dual- and Multi-Boot Systems Windows XP Windows Vista Windows XP Windows Vista Windows 2000 Dual-Boot System Multiple-Boot System

  49. Virtual Machines Windows Server 2008 Windows Vista Linux Virtual Machine

  50. Windows Startup Disk • Used for recovering from a failed or corrupt operating system.

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