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Alkyl Halides

King Saud University Chemistry Department. Alkyl Halides. King Saud University Chemistry Department. Classes and Names of Halogen Compounds. CH 3 -X and R-CH 2 -X : Primary alkyl halide. (R) 2 -CH-X : Secondary alkyl halide. (R) 3 -C-X : Tertiary alkyl halide.

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Alkyl Halides

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  1. King Saud University Chemistry Department Alkyl Halides 145 Chem

  2. King Saud University Chemistry Department Classes and Names of Halogen Compounds • CH3-X and R-CH2-X : Primary alkyl halide. • (R)2-CH-X : Secondary alkyl halide. • (R)3-C-X : Tertiary alkyl halide. According to hydrocarbon gp. 1-Alkyl halides( R-X): 2-Allylic halides 3-Vinylic halides 4-Benzylic halides 5-Aryl halides 145 Chem

  3. King Saud University Chemistry Department 145 Chem

  4. 2-Vinylic halides 3-Allyl halides C=C-C- X C=C-X CH2=CHCH2Cl Allyl chloride 3-Chloro-1-propene CH2=CHBr Vinyl bromide Bromoethene Bromocyclohexene 3-Chlorocyclopentene 4-Benzylic halides: Ar-C-X ( halogen one carbon away from aromatic ring) Benzyl Chloride 5-Aryl halides: Ar-X (X directly attached to  ) Chlorobenzenep-Bromo toluene 145 Chem

  5. Physical Properties of Organic Halides King Saud University Chemistry Department 145 Chem • All organic halides are insoluble in water and soluble in common organic solvents. • The boiling points increases with increasing in molecular weights. • Alkyl halides have higher melting point than the corresponding alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes because: 1. Polarity 2. Molecular weight (In series of halides BP. F <Cl <Br <I)

  6. Preparation of Halogen Compounds King Saud University Chemistry Department 145 Chem 1- Direct halogenation of hydrocarbons a- Halogenation of alkanes b- Halogenation of alkenes

  7. King Saud University Chemistry Department CCl4 CH3CH=CH2 + Cl2 CH3CHClCH2Cl CCl4 CH3CH=CHCH3 + H-Cl CH3CHHCHClCH3 (one) c- Halogenation of alkynes 145 Chem

  8. King Saud University Chemistry Department d- Halogenation of alkyl benzenes and aromatic ring 145 Chem

  9. King Saud University Chemistry Department 145 Chem

  10. King Saud University Chemistry Department 145 Chem 2- Conversion of alcohols

  11. King Saud University Chemistry Department Reactions of Organic Halides 1- Nucleophilic SubtitutionReactions Nu- = -OH, -OR, -OCOR, -SH, -SR, -CN, 145 Chem

  12. King Saud University Chemistry Department 2- EliminationReactions 145 Chem

  13. King Saud University Chemistry Department 3- Reaction of Grignared reagent a- Formation of Grignard reagent b- Reaction of Grignard reagent 145 Chem

  14. King Saud University Chemistry Department 145 Chem

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