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Chapter 19.1 The Civil War Begins

Chapter 19.1 The Civil War Begins. 1860 Abraham Lincoln is elected President of the Untied States. During the election, he had spoken out strongly against the spread of slavery and hoped that one day it would end. But to have slavery end, what would have to happen to America?.

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Chapter 19.1 The Civil War Begins

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  1. Chapter 19.1 The Civil War Begins • 1860 • Abraham Lincoln is elected President of the Untied States. • During the election, he had spoken out strongly against the spread of slavery and hoped that one day it would end. • But to have slavery end, what would have to happen to America?

  2. Lincoln’s Goal: Remain United • Lincoln hoped to prevent a war. • “We are not enemies, but friends,” Lincoln told Southerners after taking the oath of office. • “In your hands…is the issue of Civil War.” • In other words, what do you think Pres. Lincoln is saying?

  3. Secession!

  4. A New Country Formed • Together these seven states formed a new country. • Called the Confederate States of America. • Had own government • Led by President Jefferson Davis • Question for Pres. Davis • What will the South do?

  5. The first move in the game of Chess:Fort Sumter • Pres. Lincoln received word that supplies were running out at Fort Sumter, South Carolina. • If supplies did not come soon, they would have to surrender the fort to the Confederacy.

  6. The Confederacy surrounds Ft. Sumter • Pres. Davis has to make a decision: • Does he attack the fort? • If he does, is he prepared to have the U.S. Army attack back? • Does he starve the men to death? • Aren’t they Americans too?

  7. Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861 • Confederate forces asked for its surrender. • Lincoln refused and sent ships with supplies. • What happens next? • Confederate cannons began firing on April 12, 1861.  • FortSumter fell 34 hours later. • Pres. Lincoln orders 75,000 troops to SC to stop the rebellion.

  8. Rating the North & South

  9. Slave/Free States Population, 1861

  10. Railroad Lines 1860

  11. Resources: North & South

  12. Men Present for Duty in the Civil War

  13. The Union & Confederacy in 1861

  14. Why Pres. Davis was Concerned over how the North would react: • Wealth produced: • Factory production • Textile goods produced • Iron production • Coal production • The north can make lots of weapons… • Livestock • Wheat production • Corn production • The North can feed a huge army!

  15. Overview of Northern Disadvantages • Fought on Southern lands • Had to come to grasps with idea that they are fighting other Americans • Some are their family members…

  16. Overview of Southern Advantages • Fighting a defensive war • Local support of all men • familiarity with terrain • Motivation: seeking independence, unified support • Short communication lines/ friendly population • Experienced officer corps • Most graduates of West Point

  17. Overview of Southern Disadvantages • Smaller population • Few factories to manufacture weapons and supplies • Poor transportation system • Weak federal government = not strong enough to control Southern states • Jefferson Davis did not have complete power like Lincoln

  18. Overview: The North’s Strategy to Win the War • Anaconda Plan: • created by Winfield Scott • Goal: surround the Confederacy and squeeze them into submission

  19. The Anaconda Plan • Capture Richmond and force surrender • Control of the Mississippi River to Stop the transport of: • Soldiers • Weapons • Ammunition • Clothes • Food • Blockade southern ports tostop • cotton shipments • supplies from foreign nations

  20. Southern Strategy • Goal: to be recognized as an independent nation in order to preserve their way of life • Defend its homeland • Hold onto as much territory as possible until the North got tired of fighting • Capture Washington, D.C. • Gain England's support • Or at least France’s.

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