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European Class 2005

European Class 2005. The WFD approach at the River Gallikos in Makedonia, Hellas. Sabrina Coste, Julia Hegner and Franηois Rose 13th May 2005 School of Biology - Aristoteles University Thessaloniki. Contents. 1. Introduction 2. Study Area 3. Methods and Materials

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European Class 2005

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  1. European Class 2005 The WFD approach at the River Gallikos in Makedonia, Hellas Sabrina Coste, Julia Hegner and Franηois Rose 13th May 2005 School of Biology - Aristoteles University Thessaloniki *

  2. Contents • 1. Introduction • 2. Study Area • 3. Methods and Materials • 4. Discussion of Results • 5. Conclusion *

  3. 1. Introduction • The Water Framework Directive 2000/60 E.C. : • "good water status for all waters by 2015" • The Ecological Quality Ratio • Assessment of • Biological Parameters • Hydromorphological Parameters • Physicochemical Parameters *

  4. Contents • 1. Introduction • 2. Study Area • 3. Methods and Materials • 4. Discussion of Results • 5. Conclusion *

  5. 2. Study Area - Gallikos • Localisation • Coordinates: 40,48299 N : 22,51235 E • Sampling in beginning of March • Landuses *

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  7. Contents • 1. Introduction • 2. Study Area • 3. Methods and Materials • 4. Discussion of Results • 5. Conclusion *

  8. 3. Methods and Materials • A, Biological Parameters • Macroinvertebrate- Kick-Sampling • Biotic Indices and Scores • B, Hydromorphological Parameters • Greek Habitat Richness Matrix • River Habitat Survey (RHS) • C, Physicochemical Parameters • D, Statistical Analyses – Multivariate Technics • Primer • Simper • Fuzzy • Canoco *

  9. A, Biological Parameters • Using macroinvertebrates, because …. • They don´t move a lot • Indicator organisms • Not difficult to sample and to identify • Sampling • Kick-sweep sampling • With standards pond net • 3 min + 1 min in all habitats at each site • Conservation with formol • After sampling : • In laboratory: animals are sorted and identify *

  10. Tool and Technic • Kick – sweep sampling by Yorgos Chatzinikolaou • Pond net used to sample *

  11. BIOTIC INDICES AND SCORES • Based on the principle that polluted waters are generally less diverse than comparable unpolluted waters. • All countries have different Biotic Indices or Scores : • The UKBiological Monitoring Working Party Score •  • The IberianBiological Monitoring Working Party Score •  • The Hellenic Evaluation Score *

  12. The Hellenic Evaluation Score • Taxa • Present • Common • Abundant • Calculation of the Hellenic Biological Monitoring Working Party (HBMWP) score: Sum of all the results of the taxa • Calculation of the Hellenic Average Score Per Taxon (HASPT): HBMWP/ number of taxa • Decide whether the site is poor or rich according to Greek Habitat Richness Matrix (GHRM) • (0-1%) Case J • (1.01-10%) Case J • (>10%) Case J • ) Capniidae, Chloroperlidae, • β) Siphlonuridae, • γ) Aphelocheiridae, • 100 • 110 • 120 • δ) Blephariceridae • ε) Phryganeidae, Molanidae, Odontoceridae, Bareidae, Lepidostomatidae, Thremmatidae, Brachycentridae, Helicopsychidae *

  13. Rich site Many types of habitats Poor site Few types of habitats • HBMWP • X • HASPT • Y • HBMWP • X • ASPT • Y • >1053 • 5 • >55,69 • 5 • >1532 • 5 • >64,72 • 5 • 756-1052 • 4 • 45,18-55,69 • 4 • 389-755 • 3 • 35,33-45,17 • 3 • 830-1325 • 3 • 45,82-54,56 • 3 • 167-388 • 2 • 27,50-35,32 • 2 • 341-829 • 2 • 31,73-45,81 • 2 • 0-166 • 1 • 0-27,49 • 1 • 0-340 • 1 • 0-31,72 • 1 • 4. Choose the respectively X/Y-Table • 5. Classify HBMWP score  X • 6. Classify HASPT  Y • 7. Final Calculation: (X+Y)/2 = HES *

  14. 8. Classification of the water quality • Semi-sum (HBMWP+HASPT) • Interpretation • 5 • excellent • 4,5 • Very good • 4 • Good • 3,5 • Good • 3 • Moderate • 2,5 • Moderate • 2 • Poor • 1,5 • Poor • 1 • Very poor *

  15. The UK BMWP score • The BMWP score: • Benthic invertebrate are refered to a score based on their susceptibility to pollution • The ASPT: • BMWPT / number of taxa • The EQItaxa: • number of taxa observed / number of taxa predicted • The EQIaspt: • ASPT observed / ASPT predicted *

  16. UK river classification scheme • Grade • Description • EQItaxa • EQIASPT • A • Very good • 0.85 • 1.0 • B • Good • 0.70 • 0.90 • C • Fairly good • 0.55 • 0.77 • D • Fair • 0.45 • 0.65 • E • Poor • 0.30 • 0.50 *

  17. The Iberian BMWP score • Class • Quality • Score • Meaning • Differences to the UK BMWP: • news families that changes the score • 5 different levels of classification • Almost the same methodology as for the UK BMWP • I • Good • >150 • Very clean waters (pristine) • 101-150 • Not polluted, or not noticeably altered system • II • Passable • 61-100 • Evidence of effects of mild pollution • III • Dubious • 36-60 • Polluted waters (altered system) • IV • Critical • 16-35 • Very polluted waters (very altered system) • V • Very critical • <15 • Strongly polluted waters (strongly altered system) *

  18. B, Hydromorphological Parameters • Greek Habitat Richness Matrix (GHRM) *

  19. River Habitat Survey • The Hydromorphological Parameters were recording using the River Habitat Survey field method (RHS). • RHS = systematic collection of data associated with the physical structure of the watercourses based on a standard 500m length of a river channel: • 10 spot checks located at an interval of 50m  recording the features associated with the physical structure of the watercourses (channel and bank morphologies, structures, modifications). • A sweep up  report the general habitat of the channel and the management of adjacent land use. *

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  21. Data of the RHS are used for calculate the Habitat Quality Assessment (HQA) and the Habitat Modification Score (HMS) for each site. • HQA give a score indicating the habitat quality based on the physical features recorded in the RHS (version 1.2). • HMS provide a score expriming the extent of artificial modification to the physical structure of a river (version 1.1). •  5 Habitat Modification Categories *

  22. C, Physicochemical Parameters • Following physicochemical parameters were measured in situ using a digital multimeter: Temperature, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Dissolved Oxygen (DO2), Conductivity, Salinity, pH, Cl-, NO3-, NH4+, NH3-, Turbidity and Chlorophyll • PO4-, BOD5 and Total Suspended Solids (TSS) were analysed in the laboratory • Relative abundance of each category of substrate (boulders, cobbles, pebbles, gravel, sand, silt) was estimated visually. • Water velocity was measured at the sampling stations using a flow meter. Discharge was calculated using measurement of velocity and depth at each tenth of the width of the river. *

  23. D, Statistical Analyses • • Can be used to generate hypotheses about the causality of distribution of taxa. • • Can identify present discontinuities within the biological communities which can be related to environmental changes. • • Can be carried out on presence-absence data or quantitative data. • • Results, usually single figure, is a preferantial way to present data. *

  24. Primer & Simper(Field et al., 1982) • • Produces a similarity dendrogram of sampling stations based on the presence – absence and the abundance of benthic macroinvertebrate taxa. • • Measures the similarity of stations and groups of stations, using the Bray-Curtis similarity index. • • Then by SIMPER analysis it may be explained which families of macroinvertebrates contribute to the similarity or dissimilarity between groups. *

  25. Fuzzy (Equihua, 1990) • • Was performed in order to obtainordination and classification of the sites. • • Produces clusters according to the assemblages of benthic macroinvertebrates in each site, according to the membership value. • • The numbers of Fuzzy clusters are selected according to the higher partition coefficient. • • Does not assume the existence of discrete benthic populations along the various stretches of a river system. • • Identifies the continuum and gradual change of the sites’ faunal composition. Therefore it is suitable for the description of ecological communities. *

  26. Canoco(Ter Braak, 1988) • • Analysing the relationships between the macroinvertebrate lowest taxonomic level, the sampling sites and the physicochemical parameters • • Is performed to detect covariances between environmental/external variables and respective biological components. • • Particularly suited for a forward selection of environmental variables in order to determine which variables have the greatest influence on the species community. *

  27. Contents • 1. Introduction • 2. Study Area • 3. Methods and Materials • 4. Discussion of Results • 5. Conclusion *

  28. 4. Discussion of Results • A, Hydromorphological Parameters • B, Physicochemical Parameters • C, Biological Parameters • D, Statistical Analyses *

  29. A, Hydromorphological Parameter RHS Galliko (close Nea Filadelphia) HQA score = 36 HMS score = 30 significantly modified Valley Shape Asymmetrical floodplain Channel substrate flow vegetation types modifications Gravel/pebbles + sand Ripples 4 No Banks material feature top face land use modifications Left Right Gravel/Sand Vegetation point bars simple complex Rough pasture embankment Earth + Gravel/Sand Eroding cliff uniform complex Tall herbs / rough pasture reinforced *

  30. Gallikos (close Nea Filadelphia) *

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  32. B, Physicochemical Parameters *

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  39. C, Biological Parameters *

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  42. The Hellenic Evaluation Score • Taxa • HASPT • HBMWP • Score • Quality • G01 • 20 • 47,5 • 950 • 3 • moderate • G02 • 16 • 52,25 • 836 • 3 • moderate • G03 • 16 • 48 • 768 • 2,5 • moderate *

  43. COMPARATION OF TWO BIOTIC SCORE • IBERIAN SCORE • HELLENIC SCORE • Score • Quality • Score • Quality • G01 • 64 • passable • 3 • moderate • G02 • 50 • polluted water • 3 • moderate • G03 • 56 • polluted water • 2,5 • moderate *

  44. D, Statistical Analyses • Primer • Simper • Fuzzy • Canoco *

  45. Primer • Similarity • AB7, G01, G02 + G03 (Gammaridae,Baetidae) • -A067, A054, A034 + A021 (Miscidaceae,Chironomidae) • - A006 close to the sea *

  46. Fuzzy • Similarity • G01, G02 + G03 (Gammaridae,Baetidae, Chironomidae) • -A067, A054, A034 + A021 (Miscidaceae,Chironomidae) • A006 close to the sea • AB7 tributary *

  47. Canoco *

  48. Contents • 1. Introduction • 2. Study Area • 3. Methods and Materials • 4. Discussion of Results • 5.Conclusion *

  49. After this Case Study … • … we can not make a reliable statement about the water quality of the River Gallikos according to the WFD • No monitoring of all recommended biological parameters • Only once, not following the recommended monitoring frequencies • No monitoring of the whole managment unit • … but it was enough for … • … getting an overview about how the monitoring is carried out • … understanding the correlation between the different parameters • … getting to know the main principles and methods of the WFD • … experiencing and working in an international team *

  50. References All course documents on Blackboard http://edu.bio.auth.gr/wq Environment Agency (1997) River Habitat Survey: 1997 Field Survey Guidance Manual, Incorporating Sercon. Equihua, M. (1990). FUZZY clustering of ecological data. J. Ecol. 78. pp. 519-534 Lazaridou-Dimitriadou, M. et al. (2004) Assessment of the Water and habitat Quality of a Mediterranean River (Kalamas, Epirus, Hellas), in Accordance with the EU Water Frame Work Directive. Acta hydrocim. Hydrobiol. 32, 3, p. 175-188 *

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