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Understanding Rhetoric: Mastering Aristotle's Three Appeals in Persuasive Writing

This lesson introduces the fundamental principles of rhetorical appeals as developed by Aristotle: logos (logical appeal), ethos (ethical appeal), and pathos (emotional appeal). You will learn how to construct strong arguments by balancing these three appeals to enhance credibility and persuasion. The course also addresses common pitfalls, such as misuse of emotional manipulation or logical fallacies. Included are practical examples from notable speeches, including Lou Gehrig’s Farewell Speech. Engage with videos and quizzes to deepen your understanding of rhetorical techniques.

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Understanding Rhetoric: Mastering Aristotle's Three Appeals in Persuasive Writing

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Introduction to Rhetoric Get out your binder to take notes.

  2. Watch and take notes • Hollister Club Cali— http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=epMFQp0bSYo

  3. 3 Types of Appeals • Aristotle postulated three argumentative appeals: • logical, • ethical, and • emotional. • Strong arguments have a balance of all of three, though logical (logos) is essential for a strong, valid argument. Appeals, however, can also be misused, creating arguments that are not credible.

  4. Logos (logic, claims, and evidence) When used correctly, logical appeal contains the following elements... • Strong, clear claims • Reasonable qualifiers for claims • Warrants that are valid • Clear reasons for claims • Strong evidence (facts, statistics, personal experience, expert authority, interviews, observations, anecdotes) • Acknowledgement of the opposition (concession and refutation)

  5. Ethos (establish the writer as fair, open-minded, honest, and knowledgeable) When used correctly, the writer is seen as... • Well-informed about the topic • Confident in his or her position • Sincere and honest tone • Understanding of the reader's concerns and possible objections • Humane and considerate When used incorrectly, the writer can be viewed as... • Unfair or dishonest • Distorting or misrepresenting information (biased) • Insulting or dismissive of other viewpoints • Advocating intolerant ideas

  6. Pathos When done well, emotional appeals... • Reinforce logical arguments • Use diction and imagery to create a bond with the reader in a human way • Appeal to idealism, beauty, humor, nostalgia, or pity (or other emotions) in a balanced way • Are presented in a fair manner When used improperly, emotional appeals... • Become a substitute for logic and reason • Uses stereotypes to pit one group of people against another • Offers a simple, unthinking reaction to a complex problem • Takes advantage of emotions to manipulate rather than convince credibly

  7. Now that you know some stuff… • Hollister Club Cali— http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=epMFQp0bSYo • Understanding rhetoric helps you to understand how you are (or are not being manipulated). • How are you not being manipulated?

  8. Quiz • Lou Gehrig’s Farewell Speech—July 4th, 1939 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2LeNQBxo4xo • Why was this speech successful? • How does context influence the effectiveness?

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