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Syntax: The Sentence Patterns of Language

Syntax: The Sentence Patterns of Language. Deny A. Kwary http://www.kwary.net Airlangga University. Grammatical vs. Ungrammatical. Well-formed or grammatical sentence: a sequence of words that conform to the rules of syntax.

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Syntax: The Sentence Patterns of Language

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  1. Syntax: The Sentence Patterns of Language Deny A. Kwary http://www.kwary.net Airlangga University

  2. Grammatical vs. Ungrammatical • Well-formed or grammatical sentence: a sequence of words that conform to the rules of syntax. • Ill-formed or ungrammatical sentence: a sequence of words that violate the rules of syntax

  3. Grammatical or Ungrammatical: 1. The boy found the ball 2. The boy found quickly 3. The boy found in the house 4. The boy found the ball in the house 5. Disa slept the baby 6. Disa slept soundly Find: Transitive verb (with object) Sleep: Intransitive verb (no object) pp. 119 - 120

  4. Lexical categories Noun (N) Verb (V) Adjective (A) Preposition (P) Adverb (Adv) Examples moisture, policy melt, remain good, intelligent to, near slowly, now Syntactic Categories (1)

  5. Syntactic Categories (2) Non-lexical categories • Determiner (Det) • Degree word (Deg) • Qualifier (Qual) • Auxiliary (Aux) • Conjunction (Conj) • Complementizer (Comp) Examples • the, this • very, more • always, perhaps • will, can • and, or • that (clause)

  6. Indicate the category of each word in the following sentences. a. The glass suddenly broke. b. A jogger ran towards the end of the lane. c. The peaches never appear quite ripe. d. Gillian will play the trumpet and the drums in the orchestra. Det / N / Adv / V Det / N / V / P / Det / N / P / Det / N Det / N / Qual / V / Deg / A N / Aux / V / Det / N / Conj / Det / N / P / Det / N

  7. Phrases • NP : Noun Phrase The car, a clever student • VP : Verb Phrase study hard, play the guitar • PP : Prepositional Phrase in the class, above the earth • AP : Adjective Phrase very tall, quite certain

  8. Phrase Structure Rules • NP  (Det) N (PP) • PP  P NP The bus in the yard NP The bus (NP) Det N Det N PP The bus P NP Det N The bus in the yard

  9. Phrase Structure Rules • VP  V (NP) (PP) • S  NP (Aux) VP took the money from the bank VP took the money (VP) V NP V NP PP Det N Det N P NP took the money Det N took the money from the bank

  10. Draw the tree diagram. 1. repaired the telephone 2. the success of the program 3. a film about pollution 4. move towards the window 5. cast a spell on the broomstick

  11. The main structure rules 1. S  NP (Aux) VP 2. NP  (Det) (AP) N (PP) 3. VP  V (NP) (PP) (Adv) (CP) 4. PP  P NP 5. AP  Adj (PP) 6. CP  Comp S

  12. Example (1) S The old tree swayed in the wind Aux NP VP Det Adj N V PP P NP Det N The old tree past swayed in the wind

  13. Example (2) The children put the toy in the box S NP VP Det N V NP PP Det N P NP Det N The children put the toy in the box

  14. Exercise # 7 a – e p.167

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