1. Aerospace By Mr. Lewis

2. Rocket History • 1st solid fuel rockets were made by the Chinese before the 1200s - made with gunpowder - brought to Europe during the 1200’s - used for warfare, but were not accurate

3. Liquid Fuel History • Dr. Robert Goddard launched the first liquid fuel rocket March 16 1926 in Massachusetts • Powered by gasoline and liquid oxygen

4. Solid Fuel Rockets • Use a fuel and oxidizer in a mixture to gain charge, once it is ignited it burns completely. Like a combustion engine without the change in thrust.

5. Space Shuttle:Solid and Liquid Fuel Rockets Liquid Fuel and Oxygen tank Feeding Engines Solid Fuel Rocket Boosters

8. Aerodynamic forces are generated and act on a rocket as it flies through the air. Forces are vector quantities having both a magnitude and a direction. The magnitude of the aerodynamic forces depends on the shape, size and velocity of the rocket and some properties of the air through which it flies. By convention, the single aerodynamic force is broken into two components: the drag force which is opposed to the direction of motion, and the lift force which acts perpendicular to the direction of motion. The lift and drag act through the center of pressure which is the average location of the aerodynamic forces on an object.

9. Forces of Water Rocketry • Weight • Thrust • Aerodynamic Forces • Lift • Drag

11. Weight is the force generated by the gravitational attraction on the rocket.

12. Thrust is the force which moves the rocket through the air, and through space. Thrust is generated by the propulsion system of the rocket through the application of Newton's third law of motion

14. Our Water Rockets • Instead of hot gasses creating pressure, we will use an air tank to force air in the pop bottle and store pressure Action: Expelling water from engine bottle (water is forced down) Reaction: Water resisting against rocket body (Rocket is forced up)

15. Water Rockets Work Like Real Rockets Air pressure (high) Reaction: Bottle forced up by water being expelled down Action: Water forced out and down by air pressure

16. Newton’s First Law • An object in motion will stay in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by a force. • In this case the force is gravity and the ground are the forces.

17. Crumple Zones • A Crumple Zone is, the zone of a car that absorbs energy upon impact. The purpose of a crumple zone is to increase the amount of time it takes the car to come to a complete stop in comparison to object the car hits. • Crumple zones yield during a crash, changing energy from the crash, into heat and sound, which in turn reduces the chances that the passengers in the car will be hurt.

18. Crumple Zones • In this case you need to protect your Eggstronaut. • You need to design a crumple zone in your rocket so that your Eggstronaut survives the landing of your rocket. • You will need to bring in material from home to help your crumple zone survive the impact of the landing.

19. Crumple Zones

20. Assignment • Bring in two 2-Liter bottles. • Design a Rocket with symmetrical wings. • Design a Crumple Zone for your Eggstronaut. • Fly your Rocket, and have a Eggstronaut that survives the landing. • Have Fun!

21. Finishing the Assignment Once you have flown your rockets you are going to come up with a summary. You will also look at how assignment uses the Design Cycle. You will use Microsoft Excel to find out the force in which the rockets hit the ground.

22. REVIEW

23. Force per second for Impact • Velocity = Seconds x Gravitational constant of earth (32 feet per second2) • V= SIA/2 x G • This gives you the instantaneous velocity at impact, when your rocket hits the ground • Force is equal to ½Mass x Velocity2 • F = ½M x V2

24. What Makes the Bigger Impact? You Decide? A bigger object or a smaller object that goes twice as fast and why.

25. Assignment Using the design cycle make a summary of your flight, and thought process of your crumple zone. Was it successful or not? Make a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet to calculate Force, Velocity, & MPH Take your sheet that you have from the Rocket Flights and make a summary of the overall flights. Using the Excel spreadsheet, to help verify your summary.