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Our Science SIA report

Our Science SIA report. Done By: Natalie Aw, Cheryl Kow and Seah Xin Yun Class: 207 . Topic: Rainfall.

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Our Science SIA report

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  1. Our Science SIA report Done By: Natalie Aw, Cheryl Kow and SeahXinYun Class: 207

  2. Topic: Rainfall Through our experience thus far in the past 14 years of our life, we have come into contact with nature and our environment every now and then. The environment is certainly not unfamiliar to us, and instead has a special relationship with every one of us. The environment around us differs depending on the location where we are. For example, if we are at a reservoir park like MacRitchie Reservoir, we will have a lush greenery around us. However, at the beach, it would be hot and sunny, with few or no trees at all. Despite these two different characteristics of the places, we see one common characteristic between the two places, reservoir park and beach. Both have high rainfall due to high level of humidity in the atmosphere.

  3. Continued- background understanding • However, why is it that there will be high level of humidity in places with lots of water? Recalling our Science lessons in primary school, we were taught the water cycle and how precipitation is formed. • So how is rainfall related to us? • Without water, it could mean that we would die because we cannot survive without water. • Hence, water is a very important resource to us.

  4. How is rainfall related to us? Rainfall is very important to each and every one of us. Rain provides water for us, or more specifically, reservoir water. There are multiple reservoirs in Singapore that is used to collect rainwater when it falls, so as to ensure a form of water supply for us. As we have learnt in Primary Three Science, humans cannot survive without water for 3 days. Also, water is a big part of our bodies, almost 75% of the our body liquid is comprised of water, and it is needed for many biological processes that occur in the human body such as the digestion of food to convert into energy. Despite the human body’s composition of about two-thirds being water, water in the human body has to be circulated to enable everyday life processes to occur, such as respiration and digestion of food.

  5. Then, why did we choose rainfall as our topic for the SIA? Choosing rainfall as our topic for the Science SIA, we decided that we want to calculate the amount of rain that falls each time it rains per minute, in order to find out the intensity of rainfall in Singapore. Rainfall has definitely been adversely affected by climate changes in Singapore. TO understand the intensity of rainfall in Singapore, then can we make adjustments to our lives to help to save the earth.

  6. Research Question(s) Does the amount of rainfall collected depend on the conditions of the environment in an area (e.g. moisture/humidity)? Would there be more rainfall at the pond than at the basketball court or open space on the fourth floor since the area around the pond has more exposure to water? Does the amount of rainfall collected differ when comparing the distance away from the ground, which in this case, refers to the basketball court and the open space on the fourth floor?

  7. Hypothesis There will be more rainfall at the pond than at the basketball court and open space on the fourth floor.

  8. Questions to Ponder over (not in iMovie) How often does rain occur? Is the rainfall in Singapore erratic or is the amount of rainfall always about the same? What is the intensity of the rain? (How heavy the rain is) How long is the average duration of each rainfall? Does it differ each time? How is rain/precipitate formed?

  9. Materials needed

  10. Procedure Step 1. Before the rain starts pouring on a day with an overcast sky, hold onto plastic bag A at the pond; plastic bag B at the open space on 4th floor and plastic bag C at the outdoor basketball court. Water is collected for 3 minutes. Step 2. Measure and record the amount of water found in each plastic bag. Compare the results Step 3. Repeat the experiment two more times on other rainy days

  11. The locations where we investigated were: Firstly: the open uncovered space on the 4th floor outside the drama room. This place is so called nearer to the sky. This allows us to compare whether the distance between the sky and the place of collection of rainwater affects the amount of water collected. Secondly: the pond The pond gives us the element of humidity as a greater amount of water in that area means a higher level of humidity. So in this case, we are find out if the presence of water at the pond affects the water collected during rainfall. Lastly; at the outdoor basketball court beside the canteen. This place is a contrast to the open space on the fourth floor. This place is further away from the sky than the open space on the fourth floor.

  12. Data collection procedure The time of the investigation varies. We collected the water for 3 minutes, with Cheryl at the outdoor basketball court, XinYun at the pond and Natalie at the open space on the 4th floor. After collecting water after 1 trial of experiment, we tied up the plastic bag and used the laboratory's measuring cylinder to measure the amount of water collected at each area, with the permission of the laboratory staff. After recording down the results, we did the experiment another two times and repeated the steps of measuring the amount of water in each plastic bag with the measuring cylinder again.

  13. Explanation of data collection procedures For our experiment, Controlled variable : the kind of plastic bag to collect the water Dependent variable: the place where we collect the rainwater Independent variable : the amount of rainfall being collected For our data collection procedure -We used the same kind of plastic bag and observed the rules of abstaining from moving about while collecting rainwater. We also started collecting rainwater at the same time by using the school bell as a gauge to begin our experiment. -We decided that 3 minutes of collecting rainwater would be suitable for the experiment as that would allow the differences in the places where we collected rainwater be more obvious, rather than only 1 minute since it is too short. This allowed the experiment to be as fair as possible as the time when the rainwater was collected and the kind and size of plastic bags were the same.

  14. Frequency of measurement For water: ml For time recorded: minutes

  15. Results of the Experiment Place Trial no.

  16. Analysis of results As can be seen, the water collected at the pond is the most, followed by the open space on the fourth floor and the outdoor basketball court.

  17. IN Conclusion The amount of rainfall collected does depend on the conditions of the environment in an area. E.g. Since the pond has water, it contributes to a higher level of humidity, which further relates to a greater amount of water being collected at the pond, than at the other places.

  18. In addition, because the open space on the fourth floor is “nearer to the sky”, it reduces the travel time of the rain through air resistance, and thus there will be more rainwater at the open space on the fourth floor than at the outdoor basketball court beside the canteen. This justifies why the rainwater collected there is the least.

  19. Discussion Factors that might have affected the outcome of the research are the intensity of the rain at that point in time, the position of how we held the plastic bags and the day when we collected the rainwater. Our results helped us to learn more about the environment. One reason why we do not have sufficient water for use and consumption is that we do not have enough water catchment areas. In Singapore where rainfall is abundant, it is a wonder why we do not have sufficient water for our own use. In addition, rainfall is sometimes erratic in Singapore. It can be pouring a few minutes ago but the rainfall might suddenly diminish now.

  20. Conclusion Our recommendations for future research where probably a more reliable experiment is conducted will probably be at a reservoir, the nature reserve and a field. These would make the experiment as to which place collects the most amount of water be more challenging. Another research question: Will the factor of trees in an area also affect the humidity of a place?

  21. Credits • Miss Lim Si Xiu for her guidanceand encouragement • Pictures: • http://dryicons.com/free-graphics/preview/blooming-in-the-rain/ • http://keetsa.com/blog/eco-friendly/working-in-an-eco-friendly-office-setting/ • http://wheretodwell.wordpress.com/2011/08/04/inspired-to-recycle/ • http://www.thefreewallpapers.com/mountains-and-lake/ • http://www.9to5hdwallpapers.com/nature-hd-wallpaper/ • http://www.artwallpapers.biz/Nature%20HD%20Wall/imagepages/image1.htm

  22. Credits (continued) http://keetsa.com/blog/eco-friendly/eco-friendly-video-tips/ http://www.ohsingapore.com/singapore-nature-holidays-experience-at-macritchie-reservoir-park/ http://www.nileguide.com/destination/blog/singapore/2012/03/05/singapore-outdoors-escape-the-city/ http://justglasssite.com/tag/water-hd http://www.dailydesktop.eu/r56206.search.html http://noteasytobegreen.wordpress.com/2010/06/10/why-i-hate-the-phrase-save-the-earth/ http://frontpagemag.com/2012/04/18/is-the-climate-consensus-beginning-to-change/ http://www.cotf.edu/ete/modules/msese/earthsysflr/water.html … … …

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