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7.2 The War Expands

7.2 The War Expands. Help From Abroad (other countries). France wanted to side with the rebels because they hated the British, but they didn’t help them openly at first. After Saratoga, Louis XVI recognized U.S. independence. France sent money, supplies and troops.

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7.2 The War Expands

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  1. 7.2 The War Expands

  2. Help From Abroad (other countries) • France wanted to side with the rebels because they hated the British, but they didn’t help them openly at first. • After Saratoga, Louis XVI recognized U.S. independence. • France sent money, supplies and troops. • In 1779 France persuaded Spain to help out (strategy, advantage): Bernardo de Galvez quickly captured British forts in Natchez, Mississippi, and Baton Rouge. This not only helped the Patriots, but also spread Spain’s empire. • Because of help from France and Spain, the British now had to fight more than one enemy on land and sea (strategy, advantage).

  3. Europeans Help Washington • Lafayette: he was from France; he believed in the American cause; used his own wealth to help supply his troops; he persuaded France to send 6000 troops. • Baron von Steuben (German) helped to train the armies (advantage).

  4. Winter at Valley Forge • In the winter of 1777, Washington camped in rural Valley Forge, Pennsylvania. • On the march there his soldiers suffered because they had no shoes or warm clothes. • During the winter, the army grew weaker and about ¼ of them died (British advantage). • Washington begged Congress for supplies but was mostly denied to people in the area stepped up and helped out.

  5. War at Sea • By 1777 the British had 100 warships off the Atlantic coast (strategy) and Patriots had no navy or money to start one. • Americans used privateers instead of a formal navy. • The states and Congress commissioned more than 1000 privateers who captured hundreds of British ships and disrupted British trade (strategy). • Raiding by privateers caused British merchants to call for an end of the war.

  6. A Naval Hero • John Paul Jones • Jones commanded the Bonhomme Richard. • His most famous sea battle was with the British ship Serapis. • Jones defeated the British and his famous quote, “I have not yet begun to fight,” was immortalized

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