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Comparative Anatomy of Respiratory Structures in Aquatic and Terrestrial Animals

Explore the respiratory systems of selected aquatic creatures like fish, mollusks, and crabs, along with unicellular and small multicellular organisms. Learn about gill structures, blood and water flow, concurrent and countercurrent exchange, and adaptations for optimal oxygen acquisition. Delve into terrestrial respiratory organs like lungs in various animal groups and insect tracheal systems. Understand the mechanisms of respiration, gas exchange, and ventilation in both aquatic and terrestrial environments.

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Comparative Anatomy of Respiratory Structures in Aquatic and Terrestrial Animals

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  1. Let’s Begin by Examining Respiratory Structures in Selected Aquatic Animals • Focus on structure and function • Focus on the diffusion rates and solubility characteristics of oxygen and carbon dioxide • Focus on supplemental means for acquiring sufficient oxygen

  2. Respiration in Unicellular and Small MultiCellular Organisms

  3. Annelid Respiration

  4. Bivalve Mollusc

  5. Crab Gill efferent vessel afferent vessel lamellae = blood flow = water flow branchial chamber

  6. Fish Gill

  7. Concurrent Exchange Countercurrent Exchange 0 100 0 10 10 20 10 20 30 40 90 80 70 60 30 40 50 60 70 80 50 50 90 100

  8. Concurrent Exchange PO2 Length Countercurrent Exchange PO2 Length

  9. Ram ventilation - swimming with open mouth • Obligatory - e.g. some sharks and tuna • Facultative - e.g. mackerel - switch to ram • ventilation at swimming speeds • >0.5 - 1 m•s-1

  10. Terrestrial Respiratory Structures Lungs Mollusca Crustacea Amphibia Reptilia Aves Mammalia Tracheae Insecta (no circulatory fluid involved - tubules branch and deliver air directly to tissues)

  11. Insect Respiration

  12. Open Spiracle in Grasshopper Closed Spiracle in Grasshopper

  13. Insect Tracheal System

  14. positive press. lungs e.g. amphibians suction lungs (subatmospheric press.) e.g. mammals Lungs diffusion lungs e.g. pulmonate snails ventilation lungs e.g. vertebrates

  15. Amphibian (Frog) Lung

  16. Avian Lung

  17. Respiratory Tract

  18. Alveoli

  19. Mammalian Lung trachea pleural cavity bronchus lung diaphragm

  20. air = = exterior intercostals - - diaphragm Inspiration

  21. air Internal intercostals elastic recoil (surface tension) Expiration

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