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UNIT 13

WORLD WAR TWO. UNIT 13. World War Two Timeline. 1933 : Hitler became Chancellor of Germany. 1936 : Germany sent troops into the Rhineland. 1938 : The Munich agreement. 1939 : World War Two begins. 1940: The Battle of Britain. German blitzkrieg.

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UNIT 13

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  1. WORLD WAR TWO UNIT 13

  2. World War Two Timeline 1933: Hitler became Chancellor of Germany. 1936: Germany sent troops into the Rhineland. 1938: The Munich agreement. 1939: World War Two begins. 1940: The Battle of Britain. German blitzkrieg. 1941: Pearl Harbor. Operation Barbarossa.

  3. World War Two Timeline 1942: Dieppe. Stalingrad. Mass murder of Jews began. 1943: Germans are defeated at Stalingrad. 1944: D-Day. U.S. bombs Okinawa and Iwo Jima. 1945: Germany surrendered. Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The United Nations is founded.

  4. Appeasement 13.1

  5. What is Appeasement? Prevent aggressors from starting wars. Agree to those demands which seem reasonable. Chamberlain used this policy with Hitler in 1938.

  6. How was Hitler Appeased? He violated the Treaty of Versailles. 1933: Germany began to rearm. Reparations payments cease. 1935: Anglo-German Naval agreement. 1936: Troops marched into the Rhineland. 1938: Anschluss with Austria.

  7. Why did Chamberlain Follow the policy of “Appeasement?” Appeasement would allow time to rearm. Hitler would defend against Russian Communism. People wanted peace. Britain could not fight Germany alone.

  8. Why Appeasement? Versailles had been too harsh. The League of Nations still existed. Neville Chamberlain misjudged Hitler.

  9. Results of Appeasement Britain was discredited. Millions of people came under Nazi rule. Appeasement encouraged Hitler’s territorial ambitions. Contributed to the signing of the Nazi-Soviet Pact.

  10. Long-Term Causes of the Second World War 13.2

  11. The Treaty of Versailles Land taken from Germany. Reparations. The War Guilt clause (Article 231). Germany was desperate for revenge.

  12. The Failures of the League Failed to stop aggressive moves in the inter-war period. Manchuria and Abyssinia. The League did not deter Hitler or Mussolini.

  13. The Impact of the Depression International loans were called in. Unemployment and poverty spread rapidly. Democracies seemed helpless. Contributed to the rise of aggressive dictators. The Depression resulted in appeasement.

  14. Hitler’s Ambitions Hitler would regain the territory lost at Versailles. Lebensraum for his master race. Destroy communism. Massive rearmament campaigns under Hitler.

  15. Appeasement Hitler regarded Britain as spineless. The USSR signed the Nazi-Soviet Pact. The Munich Agreement was signed.

  16. The Nazi-Soviet Pact A two-front war was avoided. Hitler believed the pact would force Britain to back down over Poland.

  17. Immediate Causes of WWII (1938-1939) 13.3

  18. Timeline of 1938 September 28: The Munich Agreement is signed. December 1: Britain sets up a “National Register.

  19. Timeline of 1939 January 2: RAF produces 400 planes a month. February 15: Defense spending set at 580 million pounds a year. March 15: Hitler invades Czechoslovakia. April 25: Parliament votes to spend 1 322 million pounds on defense.

  20. Timeline of 1939 May 1: The Military Training Act introduces conscription in Britain. May 22: Pact of Steel. August 23: The Nazi-Soviet Pact is signed. September 1: Hitler invades Poland. September 3: Britain declares war on Germany.

  21. German Rearmament By March 1935 the Luftwaffe had 2500 planes. Germany’s army numbered 300,000 men. Hitler publicly announced compulsory military conscription. France and Britain did not respond.

  22. Navy 1935: Anglo-German Naval Agreement. Allowed Germany 1/3 the tonnage of the Royal Navy. Equal tonnage of submarines.

  23. Rhineland March 1936: 32 000 German soldiers entered the Rhineland. France did not respond. He was confident to look toward land in the East. Germany benefited from the industry rich Rhineland.

  24. Anschluss with Austria German forces entered Vienna on March 15, 1938. Britain and France verbally protested. 100 000 troops were added to the German army. Germany gained control of Austrian resources.

  25. Czechoslovakia The German population lived in the Sudetenland. Hitler planned to invade Czechoslovakia in 1938. Germany, Britain, France and Italy met in Munich. The Sudetenland is given to Germany. Britain warns Germany that Poland will be protected.

  26. The Nature of Warfare 13.4

  27. The Nature of the Second World War Civilian Casualties are very high. Ideological Conflict: fascism versus democracy. Total War: everywhere is a battlefield.

  28. Tactics of the Second World War Blockade. Blitzkrieg or ‘Lightning War.’

  29. Technology Radar: gave the British great advantage. Tanks: German tanks were small and fast. Aircraft: bombing was a major strategy of the war.

  30. Technology Medicine: prevented infections. Code Breaking: British were able to crack the German enigma.

  31. Russia 13.5

  32. Operation Barbarossa A Blitzkrieg style invasion was planned for Russia. Russia was heavily unprepared.

  33. Hitler’s Views Hitler’s racial prejudices. Russia had oil reserves and wheat. Control of Russia was basic to the Nazi program. Russia was communist.

  34. Stalin’s Views Nazi-Soviet Non-aggression pact. Hitler was bogged down in the West and South. A British ploy to pull Russia into a war with Germany. Blitzkrieg made no sense against such a large nation.

  35. The Battle of Stalingrad German military methods were studied. Battle of Attrition would undermine Blitzkrieg. German army at Stalingrad become trapped. 90% of German casualties came on the Eastern Front. Russia had successfully undermined the Blitzkrieg. The turning point of the Eastern Front.

  36. Why were the Germans Defeated? Hitler underestimated Soviet forces and equipment. The winter of 1941-42 was brutal. Supply problems. Inadequate Soviet roads. Retreating Russians used a “scorched earth policy.”

  37. The Pacific Theatre 13.6

  38. Pearl Harbor The Americans would be an easy target. A devastating attack would leave Japan a free hand in the Pacific. The Japanese missed the most crucial targets.

  39. Pearl Harbor The U.S. joined in the fight against the Axis Powers. World War Two was now an international war.

  40. Okinawa Part of a three-point American plan. Japanese forces were to hold the island at all costs. The U.S. would destroy the remainder of Japan’s merchant fleet. There were four airfields on the island. On July 2, 1945 Okinawa was declared secure by the Americans with heavy casualties on both sides.

  41. Iwo Jima The tiny island had two airfields. Japanese soldiers had strong defensive positions. Iwo Jima was “softened up” by bombing raids. The Marines took heavy casualties. Japanese determination would influence the use of the atomic bombs.

  42. Factors in the Decision to Drop the Bomb An invasion of Japan would be avoided. The U.S.S.R. was set to enter the Pacific War. The bomb had cost over two billion dollars. Millions of Japanese lives would be saved. Only three bombs had been produced.

  43. Why were the Japanese so successful at the start of the war? The Japanese had developed modern battle tactics. The Bushido belief. Japanese soldiers were trained to live off the land. Japanese troops were supported by the locals. America’s military was not yet fully deployed.

  44. Why did Japan eventually lose the Pacific War? The U.S. overwhelmed Japan with her manpower and ability to produce war goods. Japanese factories were heavily bombed. Pearl Harbor made great propaganda. Shipments from mainland Asia to Japan were sunk. 104 000 tons of bombs were dropped on Japan.

  45. The Holocaust 13.7

  46. Timeline of the Holocaust 1939: Jews must turn in radios and wear yellow stars of David. 1940: Jews are forced into ghettos. Nazis begin deporting Jews to Poland. 1942: Jews are forbidden to use public transportation or attend school. Nazi officials discuss the 'Final Solution.’

  47. Timeline of the Holocaust 1943: 80 to 85 percent of the Jews to die have already been murdered. 1944: Hitler began deporting 12,000 Hungarian Jews each day to Auschwitz. 1945: World War II ends in Europe. The death camps are emptied.

  48. Timeline of the Holocaust 1946: Nuremburg Trials. 1947: A Jewish homeland becomes the State of Israel in 1948.

  49. Possible Causes of the Holocaust Hitler’s personal vendetta. Hitler may have been mentally ill. Jews were prominent within the Communist party. Jews had ‘stabbed Germany in the back.’

  50. Stage One: Denial of Rights (1933-1938) 1933: Jews lose the right to be German citizens. 1935: The Nuremburg Laws enforce segregation. 1938: All Jewish personal property was confiscated. 1933-39: Government propaganda against the Jews. 1933-39: Jewish schoolchildren are humiliated. By 1938, over 25% of the Jews in Germany had left.

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