Pharos University In Alexandria Faculty of Mass communication Communication Skills Dr. Enjy Mahmoud Week #:1

1. Pharos University In Alexandria Faculty of Mass communication Communication Skills Dr. EnjyMahmoud Week #:1 Lecture #:1 Fall 2013-2014 By Dr EnjyMahmoud

2. Course description • Concept of Communication • Communication process • Concept of Communication Skills • listening skills • Body Language • Speaking skills • Presentation skills “ORAL PRESENTATION” • TAKING AND MAKING NOTES

3. READING SKILLS • Skimming and Scanning Skills. • Intensive and Extensive Reading. • Coping with Unfamiliar Words. • WRITING SKILLS • Referencing Skills. • Composition Writing. • Writing Curriculum Vitae (CV) and Minutes

4. Definition of communication The art of being able to structure and transmit a message in a way that another can easily understand and/or accept • Communication is the process of sharingour ideas, thoughts, and feelings with other people and having those ideas, thoughts, and feelings understood by the people we are talking with. When we communicate we speak, listen, and observe • The exchange of thoughts, messages, or information, as by speech, signals, writing, or behavior. • Schramm defines communication as a tool makes societies possible and distinguish human from other societies. • The successful transmission of information through a common system of symbols, signs, behavior, speech, writing, or signals. • Any form of expressive contact, and includes oral, written or electronic communication

5. The process of creating and exchanging meaning through symbolic interaction. • As a process communication constantly moves and changes. It does not stand still. • Meaning involves thoughts, ideas, and understandings shared by communicators. • Symbolic means that we rely on words and nonverbal behaviors to communicate meaning and feelings.

6. Five Principles of Communication • Communication is transactional because it involves an exchange. • If I go to the store to get a coke, I exchange money to the cashier for the coke. I give something and get something in return. Communication is the same… you have to give and receive for communication to happen.

7. Communication is complex for several reasons. • It is interactive because many processes are involved. • It is symbolic because symbols are open to interpretation. • It is personal & cultural because a person’s culture can add a new or different meaning to a phrase or gesture. • It is irreversible because once a message is sent, it cannot be taken back. • It is circular because it involves both original messages and feedback which is necessary to confirm communication. • It is purposeful because there is always a reason behind a message and it helps meet our needs. • It is impossible to duplicate because each interaction is unique.

8. Communication is unavoidable because it is impossible to not communicate. • You are communicating constantly even when you do not intend to communicate. You communicate by the way you sit or move, by the way you speak, by what you wear, by your actions…. Even when you sleep in class, you’re communicating that you are bored or that you don’t care.

9. Communication is continuous because it continues to impact and influence future interactions and shape our relationships. • Have you ever gotten off to a wrong start with someone? Has it taken a lot of time to perhaps overcome someone’s negative opinion of you? • Has someone ever said something to you that hurt your feelings and you’ve always remembered it and think about it when you see that person?

10. communication based on number of persons : • communication based on number of persons • 1) Intrapersonal communication . • 2) Interpersonal communication . • 3) Group communication . • 4) Mass communication .

11. Intrapersonal communication : • Intrapersonal communication In this the person talks to one’s own self It involves thinking, imagining & solving problems It takes place in the mind of a person Introspection, meditation are other forms through which person talks to self & to almighty. It helps to form positive attitude & understand one’s self  • Interpersonal communication : • Interpersonal communication It states interaction between 2 or more people Most significant is face to face It is more effective It involves exchange of words, display of gestures

12. Group communication : • Group communication It can be large or small group communication depending on the objective of communication Large group: a group of 200 workers may be collected to deliver a message related to prevention of TB. In this workers listen the speech in a stipulated time but no feedback is given Small group: like staff meetings, health talks  • Mass communication : • Mass communication It works when a message has to travel from its source to large no. of people over distance Mediums may be: Print media: newspaper, magazines Electronic: radio, TV, video, Email It plays a major role in changing attitudes & beliefs of people

13. Barriers to communication • Noise • Inappropriate medium • Assumptions/Misconceptions • Emotions • Language differences • Poor listening skills • Distractions

14. references • • Marsha J. Ludden, Effective Communication Skills: Essential Skills for Success in Work and Life 2nd Edition. • Ministry of Education and Vocational Training (2007), Communication Skills, Tanzania Institute of Education, Dar es Salaam • Effective Communication Skills for Highway and Public Works Officials by Toni Rosenbaum Cornell Local Roads Program 416 Riley-Robb Hall Ithaca, New York 14853-5701 

15. Booher, Dianna Daniels: Communicate With Confidence! - How to Say It Right the • First Time and Every Time. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1994. • Dubrin, Andrew J: Stand Out! : 330 Ways For Gaining The Edge With Bosses, Co-Workers, Subordinates, And Customers. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall, 1993. • Hathaway, Patti: Giving and Receiving Feedback: Building Constructive Communica-tion. Menlo Park: Crisp Learning, 1998. • Patterson, Kerry: Crucial Conversations: Tools For Talking When Stakes Are High. • New York: McGraw-Hill, 2002. • Stone, Douglas: Difficult Conversations-How To Discuss What Matters Most. New York: • Penguin Books, 1999. • Tannen, Deborah: That’s Not What I Meant! : How Conversational Style Makes Or • Breaks Your Relations With Others. New York: Ballantine Books, 1992. • Ellis, Richard: Communication Skills: Stepladders To Success For The Professional. • Bristol: Intellect Books, 2002. • Genua, Robert L: Managing Your Mouth: An Owner’s Manual for Your Most Important • Business Asset. New York: AMACOM Books, 1992. • Harvard Business Review On Effective Communication. Boston: Harvard Business • School Press, 1999. • Lustberg, Arch: How To Sell Yourself: Winning Techniques For Selling Yourself, Your • Ideas, Your Message. Franklin Lakes: The Career Press, 2002. • Tingley, Judith C: The Power Of Indirect Influence. New York: AMACOM Books. 2001. • Weiss, Donald H: Why Didn’t I Say That? : What To Say And How To Say It In Tough • Situations On The Job. New York: AMACOM Books, 2004