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Pattern recognition in the immune system

Pattern recognition in the immune system. Specific peptide recognition. Antibody epitopes T-cell receptors recognizing peptides presented on MHC-molecules. Other types of recognition. MHC subclasses and levels – NK cells Lipid antigens – NK T cells

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Pattern recognition in the immune system

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  1. Pattern recognition in the immune system

  2. Specific peptide recognition • Antibody epitopes • T-cell receptors recognizing peptides presented on MHC-molecules

  3. Other types of recognition • MHC subclasses and levels – NK cells • Lipid antigens – NK T cells • Sugars, glycoproteins and nucleic acids – complement, B cells, T cells, dendritic cells, macrophages etc. • Unknown receptor/ligand interactions and signalling pathways

  4. NK cells and KIR Major class of stimulatory and inhibitory receptors: Killer-Immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs)

  5. Different KIRs recognize different MHC I

  6. KIR-MHC combinations and disease

  7. Recognition of glycolipids • MHC-like molecules (CD1d) on antigen presenting cells present glycolipids to NK T cells with an invariant T cell receptor Which ligands are recognized (self/foreign?)

  8. Recognition of ”pathogenicity” • Direct recognition of pathogens – ”danger signals” (viral, bacterial, fungal, parasitic) • Innate immune system alerts the adaptive immune system in parallel with antigen-presentation (3. signal = cytokines)

  9. Pathogen-associated molecular patterns • Pattern recognition receptors must recognize structures vital to the pathogen!

  10. Complexity in receptor cooperation poorly understood i.e. TLRs, C-type lectins, complement  Need for immunological bioinformatics!

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