The Peace of Paris, 1919

The Peace of Paris, 1919 The Treaty of Versailles

Europe Torn Apart • Germany • Austria-Hungary • Russia • New Republics • Poland

January 1919 • Reconstructing the World • 27 Nations • The “Big Four” • Woodrow Wilson • David Lloyd George • Georges Clemenceau • Vittorio Orlando • Wilson’s Arrival From left, UK Prime Minister Lloyd George, Italian Prime Minister Orlando, French Prime Minister Clemenceau, and US President Wilson

Wilson’s 14 Point Plan • “Open covenants openly arrived at” • Freedom of the seas “alike in peace and war” • Removal of barriers and inequalities in international trade • Reduction of armaments by all powers • Colonial readjustments • Evacuation of occupied territory • Self determination of nationalities and a redrawing of European boundaries along national lines. • An international political organization to prevent war.

The Treaty of Versailles • A new type of treaty • Power Politics • Mutual Confidence • A New Democratic Age

The Treaty of Versailles • Different Agendas • The “Hard Line” approach • French Demands • British Demands • Germany’s Reaction

The Treaty of Versailles • The League of Nations • Compromising the 14 points • The freedom of religion clause • The fifth major power • The racial discrimination clause • The American and British opinion on the racial discrimination clause.

The Treaty of Versailles • French Security • Trimming down Germany • An Independent Rhineland • The Anglo-French-American Treaty • The Saar (Saarland) • Alsace and Lorraine • Demilitarization of the Rhineland

The Treaty of Versailles • Buffer States • Sympathies for Poland • Danzig • Silesia

The Treaty of Versailles • The loss of the Colonies • The Mandates • Who got what? • Disputes between Japan and China

The Treaty of Versailles • Scapa Flow • Germany’s Army • Disarmament • Reparations www.google.com/maps

The Treaty of Versailles • The war guilt clause • Article 231 • Self Respect Norman H. Davis John Foster Dulles

The Treaty of Versailles • Self Determination • Intermixed nationalities

The Treaty of Versailles • The Purpose of the Treaty of Versailles • Social Democrats and Liberals • Pressure

The Treaty of Versailles • The Senate’s Approval • Henry Cabot Lodge • The Irreconcilables • Mild Reservationists • Strong Reservationists • The Democrats

The Treaty of Versailles • Isolation • The Anglo-French-American Treaty • French Opinion? • Geneva

The Treaty of Saint Germain • Austria • Poland • Yugoslavia • Czechoslovakia • Hungary

The Treaty of Saint Germain • Trentino, South Tyrol, Trieste, Istria all went to Italy. • Bukovina went to Romania • Austrian Independence • The Austrian Army • Vienna

The Treaty of Trianon • June 4, 1920 • The threat of Communism • Loss of territory • Population • Major Cities • The Hungarian Army • Miklos Horthy

The Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine • November 27, 1919 • Bulgaria • New Borders • Loss of population • War Reparations • The Bulgarian Army • Protests

Turkey • August 10, 1920 • The Treaty of Sevres • Mustafa Kemal Atatürk • The Treaty of Lausanne • July 24, 1923 • Bosporus and the Dardanelles

The Peace of Paris, 1919