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The Resurrection of Jesus the Messiah

The Resurrection of Jesus the Messiah. Robby Lashua. “  For the message of the cross is foolishness to those who are perishing, but to us who are being saved it is the power of God. ” -1 Cor. 1:18.

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The Resurrection of Jesus the Messiah

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  1. The Resurrection of Jesus the Messiah Robby Lashua

  2. “ For the message of the cross is foolishness to those who are perishing, but to us who are being saved it is the power of God.” -1 Cor. 1:18

  3. But if there is no resurrection of the dead, not even Christ has been raised; and if Christ has not been raised, then our preaching is vain, your faith also is vain. Moreover we are even found to be false witnesses of God, because we testified against God that He raised Christ, whom He did not raise, if in fact the dead are not raised. For if the dead are not raised, not even Christ has been raised; and if Christ has not been raised, your faith is worthless; you are still in your sins. Then those also who have fallen asleep in Christ have perished. If we have hoped in Christ in this life only, we are of all men most to be pitied.” -1 Cor. 15:13-19

  4. HISTORICAL BEDROCK Historical Bedrock consists of historical facts that are virtually indisputable. Once the historical bedrock is established, one must explain it. If a hypothesis fails to explain all of the historical bedrock, the hypothesis must be changed. We will be building a case for historical bedrock.

  5. Minimal Facts Approach • Gary Habermas developed this approach • This approach develops a strong case for the resurrection by using texts that liberal scholars will grant us. • “The seven letters that virtually all scholars agree Paul wrote—the so-called undisputed Pauline epistles—are Romans, 1 and 2 Corinthians, Galatians, Philippians, 1 Thessalonians, and Philemon.”–Bart Ehrman Jesus Interrupted 54.

  6. The Kerygma • Kerygma: to proclaim, to preach • It came to be a formal proclamation of the early church

  7. The Kerygma • 1 Cor. 15:3-8 is the most important and valuable passage for making a historical claim to the Resurrection of Jesus • This is believed to be an early Christian teaching (possibly a creed or hymn)

  8. The Kerygma “ For I delivered to you as of first importance what I also received, that Christ died for our sins according to the Scriptures, and that He was buried, and that He was raised on the third day according to the Scriptures, and that He appeared to Cephas, then to the twelve. After that He appeared to more than five hundred brethren at one time, most of whom remain until now, but some have fallen asleep; then He appeared to James, then to all the apostles;and last of all, as to one untimely born, He appeared to me also. -1 Cor. 15:3-8

  9. The Kerygma • Reasons for being an early saying: • Paul claims he “delivered” what he had “received”. • “According to the Scriptures” is absent in all other Pauline literature. • “On the third day” is only in this passage in Pauline literature • “For our sins” is only used here and in Gal. 1:4

  10. The Kerygma • Reasons for being an early saying: • “The Twelve” is only here in Pauline literature • Paul uses the name “Cephas” for Peter • Shows this Kerygma is early, and non-Pauline

  11. παρέδωκα γὰρ ὑμῖν ἐν πρώτοις, ὃ καὶ παρέλαβον, ὅτιΧριστὸς ἀπέθανεν ὑπὲρ τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν ἡμῶν κατὰ τὰς γραφὰς 4 καὶ ὅτι ἐτάφη καὶ ὅτι ἐγήγερται τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῇ τρίτῃ κατὰ τὰς γραφὰς 5 καὶ ὅτιὤφθη Κηφᾷ εἶτα τοῖς δώδεκα· 6 ἔπειταὤφθη ἐπάνω πεντακοσίοις ἀδελφοῖς ἐφάπαξ, ἐξ ὧν οἱ πλείονες μένουσιν ἕως ἄρτι, τινὲς δὲ ἐκοιμήθησαν· 7 ἔπειταὤφθη Ἰακώβῳ εἶτα τοῖς ἀποστόλοις πᾶσιν· 8 ἔσχατον δὲ πάντων ὡσπερεὶ τῷ ἐκτρώματι ὤφθη κἀμοί.

  12. “ For I delivered to you as of first importance what I also received, thatChrist died for our sins according to the Scriptures, and that He was buried, and that He was raised on the third day according to the Scriptures and that He appeared to Cephas, then to the twelve.  After thatHe appeared to more than five hundred brethren at one time, most of whom remain until now, but some have fallen asleep; then He appeared to James, then to all the apostles;  and last of all, as to one untimely born, He appeared to me also.

  13. Good reason to believe the Kerygma came from Jerusalem • Paul states that spiritual teachings came from Jerusalem • “but now, I am going to Jerusalem serving the saints. For Macedonia and Achaia have been pleased to make a contribution for the poor among the saints in Jerusalem. Yes, they were pleased to do so, and they are indebted to them. For if the Gentiles have shared in their spiritual things, they are indebted to minister to them also in material things.” Romans 15:25-27

  14. Good reason to believe the Kerygma came from Jerusalem • Paul states that spiritual teachings came from Jerusalem • “Was it from you that the word of God first went forth? Or has it come to you only?” 1 Cor. 14:36

  15. “These arguments, which are easily recognizable from the sayings of the Rabbis, are built on two basic principals: that the chosen people of God are to have one common ‘law’ (Lev. 24:22), and that the law is to proceed from Jerusalem (Deut. 17:8, Isaiah 2:3). We may quote a close parallel from rabbinic sources. R. Hananiah (ca. 110), in the Babylonian town of Nehar-Paqod, had taken the liberty of making some decisions which, according to the tradition, a local authority had no right to do; R. Natan’s scornful comment was: ‘Does the Torah proceed from Babel, and the word of God from Nehar-Paqod?’”

  16. Good reason to believe the Kerygma came from Jerusalem • We know the original church leaders were stationed in Jerusalem • Acts 15:1-29: The Jerusalem Council • “Whether then it was I or they, so we preach and so you believed.” 1 Cor. 15:11

  17. Good reason to believe the Kerygma came from Jerusalem • Paul places a lot of importance on the tradition • He uses the “tradition” to resolve issues in the church. • “But to the married I give instructions, not I, but the Lord, that the wife should not leave her husband (but if she does leave, she must remain unmarried, or else be reconciled to her husband), and that the husband should not divorce his wife.” 1 Cor. 7:10-11

  18. Good reason to believe the Kerygma came from Jerusalem • Paul encourages the church to hold fast to the tradition that he taught • “Now I praise you because you remember me in everything and hold firmly to the traditions, just as I delivered them to you.” 1 Cor. 11:2 • Paul instructs the Thessalonians not keep away from brothers who are not following the tradition • “Now we command you, brethren, in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, that you keep away from every brother who leads an unruly life and not according to the tradition which you received from us.” 2 Thess. 3:6

  19. Good reason to believe the Kerygma came from Jerusalem • Paul is extremely careful to distinguish his teachings from the tradition • “But to the married I give instructions, not I, but the Lord, that the wife should not leave her husband (but if she does leave, she must remain unmarried, or else be reconciled to her husband), and that the husband should not divorce his wife. But to the rest I say, not the Lord, that if any brother has a wife who is an unbeliever, and she consents to live with him, he must not divorce her.” 1 Cor. 7:10-12

  20. When and How was the Kerygma received? • 1 Corinthians and Galatians • Jesus died between 30-33 A.D. • Paul wrote 1 Corinthians between 52-55 A.D. • Paul first came to Corinth in 51 A.D. • We know this from the Gallio inscription found in excavations of Delphi

  21. When and How was the Kerygma received? The inscription is written in Greek and is a copy of a decree of the Roman Emperor Claudius (A.D. 41–54) who commanded L. IuniusGallio, the governor, to assist in settling additional elite persons in Delphi—in an effort to revitalize it. The inscription dates between April and July A.D., 52, and from it, it can be deduced that Gallio was the proconsul of Achaia in the previous year.  Thus Paul’s eighteenth month stay in Corinth (Acts 18:1–18) included the year 51.  This inscription is critical in helping to establish the Chronology of Paul as presented in the book of Acts.

  22. When and How was the Kerygma received? • 1 Corinthians and Galatians • Jesus died between 30-33 A.D. • Paul wrote 1 Corinthians between 52-55 A.D. • Paul first came to Corinth in 51 A.D. • We know this from the Gallio inscription found in excavations of Delphi • It pinpoints Gallio being the Proconsul of Corinth from July A.D. 51-July A.D. 52.

  23. When and How was the Kerygma received? ”And he stayed a year and six months, teaching the word of God among them. But when Gallio was proconsul of Achaia, the Jews made a united attack on Paul and brought him before the tribunal, saying, “This man is persuading people to worship God contrary to the law.” But when Paul was about to open his mouth, Gallio said to the Jews, “If it were a matter of wrongdoing or vicious crime, O Jews, I would have reason to accept your complaint. But since it is a matter of questions about words and names and your own law, see to it yourselves. I refuse to be a judge of these things.”Andhe drove them from the tribunal.” Acts 18:11-16

  24. Who did Paul get the Kerygma from • 1 Corinthians 15:3 • “For I delivered to you as of first importance what I also received” • When did Paul receive this Creed? • Galatians 1-2 • 1:15-17 Paul’s Conversion • 1:18-20 He went up to Jerusalem and talked with Peter and James • ἱστορῆσαι(historesai)

  25. Who did Paul get the Kerygma from • Let’s say Paul’s conversion happened two years after the Resurrection of Jesus. • He then goes up to Jerusalem to meet with Peter and James 3 years later, so 5 years after the events of the Resurrection. • Gal. 1:20 “I assure you I am telling the truth”

  26. Who did Paul get the Kerygma from • Galatians 2:1-2 Paul goes back up to Jerusalem 14 years later to make sure he has not been running in vain. • Galatians 2:6 “They added nothing to me” • 1 Corinthians 15:11 “Whether then it was I or they, so we preach and so you believed” • “We are all on the same page”

  27. Dating of the Kerygma • The creed in 1 Corinthians 15 is believed to be formed somewhere between 2-3 years after the events of the Resurrection • Jesus seminar says 2 years after, Ludemann says 3 years after. • Larry Hurtado (University of Edinbourough), Richard Bockham (Cambridge University) say the Creed is from 30 A.D. • James D.G. Dunn (Retired from Durham) says the latest that the creed could be is 6 months after the events of the Resurrection.

  28. Conclusion from 1 Cor. 15:3-8 • Jesus’ deity and resurrection were not a later development • Jesus died for our sins • He appeared to Cephas/Peter • He appeared to the other disciples • He appeared to 500 people at one time (this could be verified if the Corinthians desired to search it out). • He appeared to His skeptical brother James, who became the head of the Church in Jerusalem. • He appeared to the Church persecutor, Paul

  29. Five pieces of historical bedrock • Appearances to the Disciples • The conversion of Paul • The conversion of James • The Empty Tomb • Jesus’ Death by Crucifixion

  30. Gary Habermas http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=489i38n1gjU

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