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CEFPI CONFERENCE 2008 Education Access & Provision Challenges and Opportunities for Education in Rural Schools. Workshop Agenda. Overview of challenges and issues related to education provision in rural schools.
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CEFPI CONFERENCE 2008Education Access & ProvisionChallenges and Opportunities for Education in Rural Schools
Workshop Agenda • Overview of challenges and issues related to education provision in rural schools. • Opportunities and innovative responses that are available to enhance education provision and outcomes for schools in rural areas, including community partnerships. • Format of Presentation • Introduction/Context • Grampians Region Snapshot • Canadian Study Tour Learnings • National Agenda for Rural Provision – Key Recommendations • Imagining the Future
School Transformation & School Improvement • The essence of our work. Driven by a fundamental moral purpose (Blueprint). The right of every child to …………….. • Blueprint – Department focus on a range of reform initiatives as well as tools and processes to support School Improvement. • Post Blueprint: Inclusion of Early Childhood into Department of Education (DEECD). • Blueprint 2008? • Issue – Alignment of Education Needs with Programs, Innovative approaches to facilities & Infrastructure Resourcing
The Emerging & Future Context • The concept of schooling, as we traditionally understand, is undergoing change. • Our system is moving towards a new order of schooling. An order which foresees schools which are networked and collaborative and with leadership distributed within and between schools and other agencies. • Future leadership will need to focus on building community within DEECD, between DEECD providers and local communities and building community in a multiagency context.
Context of Rural and Remote Education National Framework for Rural Education - MCEETYA Characteristics of places variously termed rural, regional, country, remote and isolated include: • population size, movement and density relative to metropolitan centres, including the requirement for young people often to have to move to larger centres to access further education and training. • Distance from large population centres and service centres, resulting in high travel and accommodation costs to users and providers of services. • High migration of families and youth to larger population centres. • Existence of social infrastructure, including information and communication technologies (ICT) infrastructure.
Context of Rural and Remote Education • Levels and breadth of employment, and existence of key industry/activity. • Diversity and levels of access to a range of youth services, including the full range of education services. Generally, when there is a deficit experienced in any or all of these characteristics, rural, remote and isolated communities record higher than the national average for students 15 years and younger leaving school (particularly for indigenous students) and lower participation rates in higher education. However, the participation rate in VET in rural and remote areas is higher than in urban centres. This may be due to the early school leavers seeking post-school options to support entry to the work force. Vocational education programs are also seen as a pathway into local or regional employment or in support of an existing family business.
Grampians Region DEECD Profile Of A Rural Region Grampians Region
Regional Profile – Grampians Region DEECD There are 132 schools (141 sites) in the Region • Consisting of 104 primary schools (including three multi-campus primary schools) • 16 secondary colleges (including three multi-campus secondary colleges) • 7 P-12 schools, • 4 specialschools and • Sovereign Hill School which caters for groups of students visiting the Sovereign Hill Historical Park. In 2008 there were 25,623 students enrolled in government schools in this Region. There are 2230 (2040 EFT) teachers in the Region.
Enrolment Trends – Grampians Region • Secondary enrolments in four schools are below 300, in seven schools below 200 and three schools are below 100. Eleven of the schools are in the Wimmera Network which has a steadily declining rural population and the other three are in the Central Network. • The remaining secondary settings are mainly located in larger rural and provincial centres with enrolments between 500 – 1500 • Thirty seven primary schools are below 40 including twelve below 20 pupils. Mostly these are also located in the Wimmera and Central Networks. Population decline in the dryland farming zones of the State since 1991 have resulted in significant declines in government school numbers for most locations beyond the larger regional centres.
Socio-Economic Influences The population and family occupation changes for most rural localities has steadily impacted on our schools. The current drought will further reduce rural population levels and result in future declines in school numbers for the isolated localities. School bus loadings are declining in several parts of the Wimmera & Central Networks which may cause future rationalisation of some routes, and create longer travel times for some students. The situation within the provincial centres of Horsham, Ararat, Stawell, Ballarat and Bacchus Marsh is that of steady to medium/high growth projections. The outlook for the community of Bannockburn is also very positive with an expected increase of 5000 – 8000 people over five - eight years due to its proximity to Melbourne and Geelong. Country Regions - NB: Grampians Region 2007 - Highest number of student deferments for tertiary study due to family income factors. - Lowest number of tertiary qualifications in parent population West Wimmera: 65% kindergarten participation, compared to statewide average 95%
Aggregate Performance Data Indicators – Region Student retention (2006) • 7-12 retention is approximately 68%, slightly below Non- metropolitan region mean of 68.5% • 10-12 retention rate was 73.7%, slightly above the Non-metropolitan region mean of 73.1% NB: Ballarat area has well established independent school sector Student absence (2005 data) • Absence rate in years P-6 and years 7-10 similar to the state but higher in years 9, 11 and 12. • Significant improvement in some individual schools 2006/7. Still awaiting aggregate data trends
Aggregate Performance Data Indicators – Region cont… VCE All Study mean (2006 data) • 28.22 ( 2006 state average was 28.79) VET Participation.(2006 data) • Has remained fairly stable over the period 2002-6. The 2006 participation rate was 29.63% ( 2006 state rate was 23%) VCAL participation (2006 data) • VCAL participation has steadily increased over the period 2002-6 from 0.21% to 16.20% (2006 state rate was 11.53%)
Network Issues Analysis Highlands Network (split into 2 SEO areas) ISSUES: Youth Pathways Total Schools 69 52.7% Youth Unemployment Total Sites 78 55% Retention/Engagement Total students 16,829.7 63.4% Market Share Central Network • Total Schools 30 22.9% ISSUES: Demographics – declining population • Total sites 30 21.1% Education Access – Breadth & Depth • Total students 3940.5 14.9% Retention Social Small Primary School • Wimmera Network • Total Schools 31 24.4% ISSUES: Demographics – falling population • Total sites 33 23.9% Education Access – Breadth & Depth • Total students 5760.7 21.7% Retention • Social • Small Secondary College Provision
Regional Responses Education Provision With the appointment of Leading Schools Fund facilitators in 2005 the region engaged with all schools to consider future provision and access concerns from primary to post compulsory levels. This has included extensive mapping of trends, pathway provisions and inclusion of ‘access’ as a priority in the regional business and strategic plans. Also a demographic study has been conducted for the Ballarat area and 12 Local Area Planning Committees (37 schools) implemented across the region. A joint study with the Country Education Project has been initiated for the North Central Wimmera area to consider locally acceptable alternatives to the traditional provision models for the future needs of all students in the areas. Several other initiatives are planned or have commenced throughout the region including programs for disengaged students such as Link Up and the Youth Options Guarantee. Canadian Study Tour 2007, in order to explore virtual schooling options.
Trade Training Centre Proposal Wimmera Network: An Iconic Provision Initiative Project Description Establish a Network Skills Hub to enhance trade training options and future pathways for students across the Wimmera Network of schools. Locations • Construction of a new Trade Training Centre on the Horsham College site adjacent to/opposite the University of Ballarat TAFE – Horsham Campus • Upgrade equipment at the University of Ballarat TAFE – Horsham Campus required for targeted Certificate III / IV trade training identified through the Wimmera skills needs list and the National Skills Needs List Occupations. • Provide and equip a mobile training facility which can service practical training needs to cluster school students in targeted training needs. • Support for individual schools to implement videoconferencing as a means of students accessing appropriate learning modules.
Trade Training Centre Proposal Wimmera Network: An Iconic Provision Initiative cont… Education Context An Iconic Project supporting Wimmera colleges spread over a very large geographic area of 23,500 sq kms, includes Catholic Education/TAFE. The proposal aims to increase apparent retention rates of young people in training and employment across the Wimmera Network especially in skill shortage areas. This further aims to enhance the seamless service model by catering for a larger breadth of needs and students interests. The significant demographic and geographic issues present in the large rural area of the Wimmera relating to education provision and access could be further addressed through this project. Once implemented this could also serve as a model for other Regions and provide access to colleges across and beyond the Grampians Region as was observed in Canada during our recent study tour.
Grampians Region Provision: Priority Focus Initiatives/Challenges For Development • Virtual Schooling - Wimmera • Canadian Study Tour Summary – see slides to follow. • Small Schools Provision • Pyrenees, Woady Yaloak type model • Horsham Education Provision Model • Community College HUB • University Partnership • Small Secondary Colleges • Warracknabeal Community School • Bacchus Marsh Community/Local Government Partnership • Ballarat Collective Schools Model • videoconferencing linkages • TEC / Maths & Science Centre • Innovative Technical Education Provision – Mobile Unit (Semi Trailer) – Possible pilot model. • “Bed Down” Youth Options Guarantee & related programs eg: Link Up. • Yuille Park Community College • BLX (Ballarat Learning Exchange) • Trade Centre Initiatives
Context Network Development (Improvement) Plan By definition, the concept of the Network Development Plan needs to focus on the range of initiatives, programs (either system and/or “local”) that the Network will undertake to improve the outcomes of the young people for whom it is collectively responsible. What would a Network need to know and to do in order to ensure that every single child can be the most powerful leader that he or she can be?
Regional Education Access & Provision Plan Draft Network Development Plan NETWORK CONTEXT ANALYSIS OF STUDENT NEEDS • NETWORK IMPROVEMENT INITIATIVES • Integrated approach to service provision • Sharing the agenda • Capacity Building • Strategic approach to Support Improvement in selected schools or groups of schools • Education Access & Provision/Special Initiatives & Projects (* see next slide) NETWORK IMPROVEMENT IMPLEMENTATION PLAN NETWORK IMPROVEMENT EVALUATION PLAN
Regional Education Access & Provision Plan Draft cont… Definition of Education Access/Provision Plan The aim of the plan is to prioritise the way(s) in which the educational outcomes of young people can be enhanced through collective action of the school, the Region and Central Office, and other partners as appropriate. This can include: • Educational programs / initiatives, within and/or across schools. • Eg: Co-operative initiatives (of an infrastructure nature) which enhance student outcomes. Eg: videoconferencing. • School Organisational / Structural change on a single school or across school basis. Eg: closures, mergers, amalgamations, regeneration. • Targeted special provision initiatives eg: Maths/Science, select entry, BLX. • Other eg: Trade Centre Initiatives
Grampians Region Education Access Initiatives 2007/2008 Proposed Virtual Classroom Projects Virtual Classroom Edenhope Goroke Nhill Kaniva Virtual Classroom Warracknabeal Birchip Hopetoun Dimboola Rainbow Warracknabeal Community School • Participation Initiatives • Link Up – 200+ in 2007 • FLIP – in 2007 • Youth Options Guarantee • VET Buses Pyrenees Small Schools Provision Model Horsham Education Provision Model Ballarat Collective Schools Model, including virtual schooling, TEC, Maths/Science Centre, Wendouree West Community School Pilot Virtual Classroom Beaufort Lake Bolac Ararat Bacchus Marsh Community / Local Government Partnership
Canadian Tour 2007 Findings(Grampians & LCM Region DEECD) The important conclusion is that we can enhance student access to breadth and depth in curriculum through blended approaches to virtual learning experiences. In addition we also need to redefine teaching and learning pedagogy in the twenty-first century including alignment with “how students learn” and more effective utilisation of the “hidden capital” in the teaching learning process, the students themselves. There is a need to redefine the role of the teacher and the learner with the development of learning partnerships. As stated by Ignacio Estrade – “If a child can’t learn the way we teach, maybe we should teach the way they learn”. In this context, there is an obvious linkage between virtual learning and self-directed learning, with the need to develop new approaches to schooling, networking and partnerships.
Canadian Tour 2007 Video Conferencing (Research): Alberta Key Learnings in terms of effective schools/program model • The use of the supernet provides a fundamental basis to the quality of delivery for interaction with live teacher delivery to classes – the band width is a minimum of 2MG – can be increased to 10 MG. this compares with the Victorian system favourably – use of Cisco software can enhance the delivery • Importance of professional development support for teaching staff and preparation with delivery materials – teacher networks strongly supported • VC used to deliver to remote, small class size and to enhance program delivery • Strongly recommended where closed interaction and individual student engagement limit program delivery to no more than 4 sites at a time. • VC extremely useful in linking to other resources – such as museums, exhibition and specialised services, locations • Teaching style is very important along with materials to ensure student engagement.
Canadian Tour cont… University of Alberta – NAIT Training Anywhere, Anytime: Two (2) ‘NAIT in MOTION’ mobile education units are equipped as trade shops to bring the technology to the learner in remote communities rather than bringing the learner to the technology. The NAIT in MOTION tractor-trailer units are outfitted to deliver trades-related training in millwright, pipefitting, steam fitting, gas fitting, welding, machining, electrical and plumbing. The trailers were funded by business/industry – joint partnership.
Canadian Tour cont… Question: Implications for facilities/infrastructure?
Canadian Tour cont… ALBERTA SCHOOL: Bishop Carroll High School PROVINCE: Calgary, Alberta Insights Bishop Carroll High School is a model for self-directed learning. Bishop Carroll is a unique school that places the student, at the centre of learning. Along with the Teacher Advisor and parent, the student chooses the program and courses that best suit their interest, abilities and future plans. Students proceed through courses at their own rate. This allows more flexibility and freedom, but it also demands greater responsibility on the part of the learner. The Bishop Carroll learning model is based on the following principles. Individualised Schedule: No master time table exists. There are no bells and no regular classes. Teacher Advisor: The Teacher Advisor (TA) is the coach, motivator, mentor, and main supporter at Bishop Carroll.
Canadian Tour cont… Resource Centre and study area at Bishop Carroll High School Issue: What are the implications for facilities requirements with student centred curriculum rich in ICT.
Canadian Tour cont… Recently built Notre Dame High School featuring a Learning Common Blended Learning Environment
Key Opportunities – Canadian Experience KEY MESSAGES Virtual Learning • Personalized Learning: ‘Peronalizing’ courses to meet the needs of students as well as ‘Personalizing’ delivery models for those students choosing to learn in a virtual classroom environment • Blended Delivery • Traditional • Cyber - Online • Interactive TV – satellite • Video Conference • Networking • Cluster, Network, System, International • Professional Development • Multi Skilling • Mobile Technical Facilities
Key Opportunities – Canadian Experiencecont… Students • “I find I will learn the information a lot easier by going at my own pace.” (student) • “I just feel like I have more time to take other classes if I take this one online.” (student)
Now What! Where To From Here? Canadian Study Tour 2007 • Summary of Key Learnings to be further developed in full report • Student participation and engagement in education can and should be enhanced via virtual schooling models • 21st. Century teaching and learning pedagogy requires a redefinition of the role of the teacher and learner • The need to enhance the role of partnerships and networks within and across schools and agencies. • The role of the family and parents in the learning process needs to be enhanced, including early childhood • The significant role of leadership and the multi-skilling of teachers needs to be recognized (capacity building) • Seminar focussing on 21st century learning environment propose for 2008 –linking Canadian contacts • Recommend W.P. to be established to develop statewide rural education access provision policy/strategy. Remote and Isolated Schools “Virtual schooling…the great equaliser for rural students.” “Virtual schooling – many students choose to learn this way”
School Provision Education Access and Provision Rural and remote areas need differential models Models which recognise; • Cohort size, often < 10 pupils • Location constraints/distance • Qualified available staff • Isolation - social separation • Economic constraints • Limited subject breadth • Specialisms especially LOTE, VET.
School Provision Education Access and Provision cont… Models/designs with flexibilities for: • Co-location of provision 0 – adult (ie primary, secondary, special, tertiary, ACE). • Digital and videoconferencing as capital equipment • Teaching and learning suites for small numbers. • Strategically located specialist units and mobile units. • Restructuring school bussing to improve access in identified areas. • Staffing incentives in targeted locations/subjects • Accommodation arrangements – bloc release • Co-location of community facilities, sharing with other agencies.
Education In The Twenty First Century Virtual Schooling Blended approaches to Education Delivery within and across schools, including diverse range of virtual schooling options. BLENDED MODELS Pedagogy Blended approaches to Teaching & Learning with enhanced emphasis on the role of the student in the teaching-learning process Moral Purpose Importance of Individual student – right of access to excellence in education, no matter what…… Partnerships School Organisation & Partnerships Innovative approaches to schools working together in clusters, networks, partnerships, other agencies Student Wellbeing Student wellbeing, including social needs and need for early childhood programs. (Link of wellbeing to curriculum, teaching-learning processes) People Capacity Leadership / Capacity Building Programs, including enhanced skills in 21st century pedagogy and education delivery models. Family / Community Early Childhood Role of parents, family, community in education process. (importance of early childhood programs.
Key Opportunities – Canadian Experience Quotes! • “We need to build for success, not failure, so self-directed learning is incremental in its implementation” (Bishop Carroll) • Virtual Schooling – many students want to/choose to learn this way • “The school bell does not dictate your learning – as the student, you take responsibility for your own learning” • Virtual Schooling – the great equaliser for rural students. (Students as winners) • Ex Principal “If I had my time again in a traditional setting, I would work with teachers to change the mode of delivery completely!” • We need to free students (and staff) from the bondage of time and space. • Blended delivery caters for a variety of learning styles
National Framework for Rural & Remote Education Opportunity: ICT in the 21st Century The rapidly expanding ICT infrastructure available to rural, regional and remote locations is providing a powerful means of multiplying the impact of distance education techniques, and is transforming ways and means of providing access for all students and families to high quality education. Continuing action on improving access and cost issues is essential. “Virtual schooling – the great equaliser for rural students!”
NATIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR RURAL AND REMOTE EDUCATION Vision By age 18, each young person residing in rural or remote Australia will receive the education required to develop their full potential in the social, economic, political and cultural life of the nation Principles • Students and families living in rural • and remote Australia have specific • needs which are the direct result of • living in particular geographic locations • The needs of rural and remote students • should be met through local commitment • and ownership as well as through predictable • and sustained government funded initiatives • There is a high degree of variability in the • characteristics of rural and remote communities, • both within and between the States and the • Northern Territory. • The provision of quality education in rural and remote • Australia requires creative and flexible approaches • that utilise leadership capacity at all levels, innovative • technology and methodology, and whole of • government approaches. Essential Enablers Personnel Relevant Curriculum Information & Communications Technologies Multimode delivery Environments Resourcing Training & Development Leadership /Succession Recruitment/Retention Pathways Standards Outcomes Quality Access Content Flexibility Innovation Structures Cultural Sensitivity Partnerships Community Flexibility Innovation Structures Key Challenges & Requirements Diverse and reliable supply Succession plans Incentives Family assistance Programs and services consistent with national goals Articulated planning for lifelong learning Access to VET Enterprise Education Broadband provision for rural/remote locations Affordability and accessibility Reliable infrastructure Support for current modes ICT training and development for staff Broadening of best practice networks in rural/remote locations and across systems Support of industry, civic education, government and non-government collaboration Identification and use of local expertise and leadership Support for local social capital building Funding for Equitable access Dissemination of Best practice Whole of Government approaches RURAL AND REMOTE CONTEXTS AND CONSIDERATIONS Population Size, Diversity and Density Community Opportunities Social Capital Building Distance Flexibility Leadership Cooperative Action: - Local – Regional – Whole of Government Sustainability
National Framework For Rural And Remote Education: ICT Efforts should be directed towards: • Expanding the upgrading of infrastructure and ongoing training and development of professional expertise. • Reducing the user costs of infrastructure to rural and remote locations and customers. • Working to ensure that students and families in rural and remote locations have ready access to high quality online curriculum that is culturally affirming.
Multiple Modes of Delivery The diversity of rural and remote locations needing quality education services requires a multimodal approach to delivery. Distance and population size and range of choice mean that not all curriculum will be available through face to face methods.
Multiple Modes of Delivery cont… A strategy that focuses on flexible curriculum delivery using a variety of vehicles and structures is required. Examples include: • the clustering of sites and pooling of resources to deliver a wide range or curriculum than would otherwise be available on one site. • Short-term and long-term programs which support access to centres of excellence and specialisation. • Hubs and service providers which prepare a range of curriculum content and make it available online, with appropriate marking and reporting services • Online provision; distance delivery education; mobile classrooms; face to face teaching; flexibility of/across year levels, flexible allocation of time; and home tutoring.
Multiple Modes of Delivery cont… Efforts should be directed towards: • Publicising successful initiatives • Expanding the number of programs which enable and encourage flexible innovative delivery. • Continuing the development of online curriculum materials that are inclusive of rural and remote contexts and circumstances, and identifying and then using best practice examples of online curriculum materials and pedagogies • Drawing on existing good practice which uses innovative delivery to address geographical disadvantage.
Environments Formed Through Effective Community Relationships and Partnerships Critical factors for many successful educational initiatives include close consultation with communities and the development of partnerships with them. By building effective community relationships and partnerships, projects can be tailored to meet local needs and conditions, as well as meeting wider requirements. A focus on building partnerships at both local and agency levels can result in heightened community involvement and facilitate sustainability. Partnerships are particularly important when planning for and delivering vocational education and training for indigenous communities.
Environments Formed Through Effective Community Relationships and Partnerships cont… Efforts should be directed towards: • Implementing the Commonwealth Government initiative on community-based participation agreements. • Creating capacity for communities to develop local responses to local problems, and showcase exemplars of best practice. • Developing and encouraging partnerships between stakeholders from both within and among neighbouring communities so that effects caused through small populations are minimised. • Identifying and disseminating examples of best practice strategies such as outreach programs, that enhance partnerships and community involvement.
Rural Education: A Framework For Action Where to from here for rural education? The review of the literature identified some of the endemic problems facing rural and regional education. These reports have presented a fairly consistent picture of rural education: lower schooling outcomes, problematic teacher retention and a lack of access to professional development and resources.
