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Organic chemistry for medicine and biology students Chem 2311 Chapter 1 Introduction By Prof. Dr.

Organic chemistry for medicine and biology students Chem 2311 Chapter 1 Introduction By Prof. Dr. Adel M. Awadallah Islamic University of Gaza. Ionic Compounds They are formed by the transfer of one or more valence electrons from one atom to another

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Organic chemistry for medicine and biology students Chem 2311 Chapter 1 Introduction By Prof. Dr.

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  1. Organic chemistry for medicine and biology students Chem 2311 Chapter 1 Introduction By Prof. Dr. Adel M. Awadallah Islamic University of Gaza

  2. Ionic Compounds They are formed by the transfer of one or more valence electrons from one atom to another Electropositive atoms: give up electrons and form cations. Electronegative atoms: accept electrons and form anions Ionic compounds: are composed of positively charged cations and negatively charged cations

  3. Covalent compounds A covalent bond: is formed when two atoms share one or more electron pairs. A molecule consists of two or more atoms joined by covalent bonds Bond energy: is the energy necessary to break a mole (6.022 x 1023)of covalent bonds. Bond length: is the average distance between two covalently bonded atoms

  4. Valence and bonding in organic compounds

  5. Polarity of Bonds: depends on the electronegativity difference

  6. Examples:

  7. Isomers: different compounds having the same molecular formula

  8. Abbreviated structural formulas

  9. Formal Charges: are the charges that each atom carries, and can be calculated as follows • Formal charge = Valence electrons – bonds – electrons • Example: • Resonance: arises whenever we can write two or more structures for a molecule with different arrangements of electrons but identical arrangement of atoms

  10. Arrows:

  11. Classification of organic compounds according to functional groups

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