The 20 th Century Prosperity/War/Depression

1. The 20th Century Prosperity/War/Depression

2. Boom and Bust • New inventions: • 1903 Airplane • Automobile • 1900 (8,000 in nation) • 1908 Model T (19,000 in first year) • Made affordable ($360) http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=A20C183C-D50B-489B-878E-B343284BB786&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US

3. Cities vs. Rural GA • Cities: newest fashion/technology/fads. • Electric streetlights • Trolleys • 12 story buildings • Paved roads

4. Rural Areas • No running water, electricity, modern luxuries • Work fields of cotton with mule drawn plows. • Most were still sharecroppers

5. WWI • 1914: Archduke Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary assassinated • Serbia blamed • Alliances lead to war • Lusitania and Zimmerman Telegram bring U.S. into war in 1917 • Selective Service Act: many Georgians opposed because it took men away from farms.

7. WWI • Allies (U.S. France, Great Britain, Italy) win against Central Powers • Germany is blamed for the war and is punished by Allies http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=2FA960E6-6EFD-4B71-8CA9-01AEB6CB0E1C&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US

8. GA’s role in the War • Ft. McPherson: center for training recruits and draftees as well as housing German POWs. • Camp Gordon: over 230,000 soldiers trained here. • Camp Benning • UGA admits first female students (1918)

9. GA between the wars • War created a high demand for cotton. Prices skyrocketed. • At end of war, cotton prices dropped. • Boll Weevil • Drought • Depression hits (cotton prices drop 60%) • Began to grow tobacco, peanuts, pecans. • Chicken production (broilers)

10. GA Positives • More paved roads • WSB (Voice of the South) • Ty Cobb (baseball) • Bobby Jones (golf) • “Forward Atlanta Commission” • Encouraged business to come to Atlanta. • Delta Airlines came to Atlanta.

11. Depression • Wealth from WWI • Abundance of Products • False Security • Drought/The Dust Bowl) • Boll Weevil

12. Great Depression • Consumerism: people started focusing more on buying things than on saving money • Ads tried to convince consumers to buy new products were seen in all magazines and on the radio • People began to use credit more and more. • As more and more people bought stocks, many of them bought stocks on the margin which means they paid for part of the stocks on credit.

13. Depression • Stock Market- the place where shares of stock in • corporations are bought and sold. There was little to • no regulation of these stock prices or business • practices (laissez-faire policy). • *Banks were in trouble - farmers were not able to • pay off loans, and Americans were borrowing money • to buy goods. • October 29, 1929- Black Tuesday the stock market • crashed! • * 650 banks closed in the first year • Georgia didn’t feel the effects of the depression • immediately

14. Effects of the Great Depression • Many workers lost their jobs & families went hungry. Children didn’t get an education • United Streaming - Freedom: A History of US: Depression and War : hard times clip http://streaming.discoveryeducation.com/search/assetDetail.cfm?guidAssetID=2FB83CF0-8544-4741-94BB-1EFCBD6967B2&rand=01B168A0-17A4-A9FE-3AA19DD9F0278C6D • President Hoover - tried to help with government aid • *“Hoovervilles” - Shanties inhabited by the unemployed were called this

15. Depression in GA • Most people were farmers • Fewer than 5% of farms had indoor plumbing and electricity. • Schools saw a drop in attendance as children were needed to work on farms.

16. FDR and the New Deal • Relief Programs: • CCC (Civilian Conservation Corp) _ putting young men to work in forest and in rural areas. They planted trees and worked on dams and roads and in fields. • PWA (Public Works Administration) _ put men to work on public construction buildings like schools, hospitals, roads and bridges. • WPA (Works Progress Administration) _ clearing slums, building power plants, and providing free plays and concerts.

17. FDR and the New Deal • Recovery Programs: • AAA (Agricultural Adjustment Act) _paid farmers to produce less cotton, corn, wheat etc. • FDIC (Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation) _insured money up to $5,000. Now this is $100,000.

18. FDR and the New Deal • Reform Programs: • SEC (Securities and Exchange Act) – oversaw the buying and selling of stocks. • REA (Rural Electrification Act) – brought electricity to rural areas. • TVA (Tennessee Valley Authority) – built dams and power plants • SSA (Social Security Act) – brought retirement pay to population and money for people unable to work because of disabilities.

19. GA and the New Deal • Eugene Talmadge opposed New Deal: • Said new minimum wage law would pay too high a wage for many workers • It would threaten white supremacy by giving equal pay to whites and blacks. • Also vetoed SS and unemployment insurance • Said FDR was a socialist (someone that believes in government ownership of major services and production.)

20. GA and the New Deal • GA voters believed in FDR and loved him after he came to Warm Springs GA for treatment for his polio.

21. GA’s Little New Deal • Voters elected E.D. Rivers for Governor and GA received funds from the New Deal fund. • Roads, bridges, and public education were all funded. • A highway patrol and GA driver’s license were created. • 1938: Prohibition ended in GA. • He refused to raise taxes and so state went into high debt allowing voters to turn to Talmadge once again.

22. Eugene Talmadge • Once in office he worked to end the Little New Deal saying the plan would end segregation in the south. • Warned that “foreign” professors would destroy sacred southern traditions and wanted to rid all that favored “communism and racial equality.” • The war against professors caused voters to choose Ellis Arnall for Governor.

23. Ellis Arnall • Removed Governor from board that controlled state public school system. • Further reduced the power of Governor. • Pardon criminals • Power to veto constitutional amendments • He called for reform of prison system and ended “chain gangs” for good. • Changed voting age to 18 making GA first state to do this. • Ended poll tax and white primary.

24. WWII • Totalitarian dictator: leader who holds all the power and does not allow any political opposition. • Mussolini: dictator of Italy that became an ally to Hitler and Germany • War began in 1939 when Hitler invaded Poland • Isolationism : staying “isolated” from the wars. • Hideki Tojo: Japan’s military leader

25. WWII • Winston Churchill: Prime Minister of Great Britain • Lend-Lease: U.S. agreed to send supplies and aid to any nation whose defense was important to the national security of the U.S. • Pearl Harbor: Japan attacked this naval base in Hawaii on Sunday December 7, 1941

26. GA in the War • Military bases: • Benning • Gordon • McPherson • Stewart • Gillem • Hunter Army Airfield Bell Aircraft: military factory that created war planes in Marietta…..today it’s Lockheed-Martin

27. Ga in the War • Shipyards: places where ships are built • Savannah • Richard Russell: worked hard to get New Deal passed in GA. Pushed for military bases in foreign countries. • Carl Vinson: pushed for the U.S. to strengthen navy before WWII and it was said that his work for the stronger navy is what pushed us to win against Japan

28. Effects of the Holocaust in GA • Atlanta had a large Jewish population • Jewish community began to fear anti-Semitism: prejudice against Jews. • Were thrilled that U.S. recognized the nation of Israel in 1948