The Plant Genetic Resource-Public Private Partnership (PGR-P3)

1. The Plant Genetic Resource-Public Private Partnership (PGR-P3) Bill Boland PhD Student Peter Phillips Supervisor Cami Ryan Co-Author

2. Research Objective • Study of the multiple roles of the plant-genetic resource-public-private partnership (PGR-P3) • Paucity of theory—Use theory of R&D-P3 • Three theories-- transaction costs, industrial organization and strategic management • Literature review indicated two distinct streams • Developed world—institutional perspective • Developing world—behavioural perspective • Problems with theory and literature review • Overlooks what PGR-P3s do • Overlooks the role of producer/volunteer PGR-P3s • Limited research on PGR-P3 and networks VALGEN Annual Meeting

3. Approach • “describe and measure properties of actor location in a social network” (Wasserman and Faust 1994) • Methodology: Social Network Analysis • “Describe and measure properties of actor location in a social network” (Wasserman and Faust 1994) • “Make visible the invisible” (Mead 2001) • SNA permits use of graphical stress test—remove key actors(s) and measure results • Three measures of centrality and density • Total degree centrality measures the connectedness of an individual actor to the rest of the network • Betweenness centrality measures the influence of an individual actor • Eigenvector centrality measures power of the individual actor • Density measures network interconnectedness VALGEN Annual Meeting

4. Output: Analysis of Global Pulse System • Pulse crops—peas, beans, lentils, chickpeas and fababeans—contribute 10% of global protein • Pulses are mostly an ‘orphan crop’ as the ROI insufficient for private investment; international trade agreements preclude direct public involvement • System of 248 actors: • 45 PGR-P3s,107 Government research centers, 83 Universities and 13 Private actors • 3 Subsystems: 66 in Export System (Canada, US and Australia); 134 in EU; 69 in Developing World VALGEN Annual Meeting

5. Outputs (continued) • The role of the PGR-P3 in a R&D network • The PGR-P3 anchors national pulse R&D systems (Australia, Canada and UK) • The PGR-P3 links the national R&D systems into functional regional innovation systems • The PGR-P3 links the three regional systems into 248 actor global system • The next two slides demonstrate the role of the PGR-P3 in linking the global system together VALGEN Annual Meeting

6. The PGR-P3 and the Global Pulse System SPG/CDC ICRISAT GLIP ICARDA VALGEN Annual Meeting

7. The PGR-P3 and the Global Pulse System The Canadian pulse R&D network isolated from global system The Australian pulse system. Note that it is embedded within the global system VALGEN Annual Meeting

8. Next Steps • Produce 3 articles on this research • 1st article • Based upon above analysis • 2nd article • Compare and contrast the three unique P3s and their highly differentiated networks • 3rd article • Compare and contrast the national systems of Australia and Canada—different policies, different outcomes VALGEN Annual Meeting