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SESSION III: PRECURSORS FOR THE NEXT WAVE IN COMMUNICATIONS

SESSION III: PRECURSORS FOR THE NEXT WAVE IN COMMUNICATIONS.

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SESSION III: PRECURSORS FOR THE NEXT WAVE IN COMMUNICATIONS

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  1. SESSION III:PRECURSORS FOR THE NEXT WAVE IN COMMUNICATIONS

  2. Session III Precursors for the Next Wave in CommunicationsSymposium Keynote:Raouf Y. Halim, Convergence Trends in Communications: Implications for CPCC and Southern CaliforniaEnder Ayanoglu, Next Generation Wireless Local Area Networks: How to Achieve 15 dB Improvement Over Today's Standards ProposalsAhmed Eltawil,Wireless Broadband Systems: From Theory to SiliconPayam Heydari,Novel Ultra-Broadband Communications CircuitsSyed A. Jafar,Generalized MIMO: Promises and LimitationsHamid Jafarkhani, Recent Advances in Space-Time Coding and Beamforming

  3. Convergence Trends in Communications: Implications for CPCC and Southern California Raouf Halim CEO, Mindspeed Technologies

  4. NASDAQ: MSPD Corporate Highlights • Public since 06/2003 • Fabless communication semiconductor provider • Grew revenues 46% to $119 million in fiscal 2004 • >550 Employees Worldwide, >400 Engineers • Headquartered in Newport Beach, California • Leading positions in high-growth enterprise and carrier infrastructure markets • A broad product portfolio designed into top-tier customers worldwide • Strategic suppliers: TSMC, Jazz, Amkor, ASE

  5. Serving Top-Tier Customers Worldwide

  6. Our Strategic Focus Delivering highly optimized, software-rich solutions Small/Branch Office Environments PSTN Networks Packet Networks Mindspeed ProductPortfolio Enterprise Environments Wireless Networks Enterprise (Private) Networks Access/Metro (Public) Networks Leader in VoIP, FTTx, SONET, . . .

  7. Consumer Convergence Is Real ! Cell phone Game console Quad Play Calculator PDA Walkman Portable TV VoIP, IP Video, Data, and Mobile = Quad Play

  8. Carrier Convergence: The Advent of VoIP/Quad Play Quad-Play Service Providers (Voice, IP video, Data & Mobile) Transport End Customer Residential RBOC SOHO MSO IP Core Enterprise Wireless VoIP is the single greatest enabler to the communication convergence phenomenon VoIP is the single greatest enabler to the communication convergence phenomenon Mobile Mixed physical media = Cable, HFC, xPON, FTTx, Twisted Pair, and Wireless Mixed physical media = Cable, HFC, FTTx, Twisted Pair, and Wireless

  9. Enterprise Convergence: The Advent of VoIP/Quad Play Quad-Play Service Providers (Voice, IP video, Data & Mobile) End Customer Residential RBOC TDM / LAN / WLAN Convergence SOHO MSO Enterprise Wireless Mobile

  10. . . . Creating A Plethora of New Opportunities VoDSL Quad-Play Service Providers (Voice, IP video, Data & Mobile) End Customer SOHO/ROBO Gateway IP TV Soft IP Phone Residential POTs Card / Acces Gateway DSL Home Gateway Packet Cable RBOC Voice Gateway SOHO IP Phones Trunking Gateway C5 Switch / Acces Gateway MSO IADs Multil Mode Handsets Enterprise Trunking Gateway BSC & Media GW Converged Switch / PBX Wireless Soft IP Phones Mobile Dual cellular/ wifi phone IP Phones A new generation of converged SD/HD video systems, wireless/wireline equipment, and consumer devices

  11. The Rise of Multi-Core Computing 3rd generation Mindspeed VoIP SOC - over 300M transistors in 90nm Implications for Semiconductor Platforms Embedded Cores: Flexible Interfaces: 1 2 3 6x VLIW / 64bit DSP 2x 32bit RISC CPU EMAC Multi Mb SRAM UART USB Host IPSEC TDM UTOPIA Ethernet MII/GMII/RGMII PCI DDR USB 1 2 6 4 5

  12. Challenges for 90 nm SOCs • Economics • Escalating mask costs: >$500K for 0.15 mm; >$750K for 0.13 mm; and > $1M for 0.09 mm • Longer development time: 9-18 months from feasibility to first sample • Increasing total development cost: ~$10M -> $20M • Design • Power delivery: 2 amps to the core at less that 25 mV drop! • Yield, leakage, redundancy, and Soft Error Rate • 1.0V and below pose major analog design and power delivery challenges • Packaging • Signal integrity aware routing reaching practical limits • Almost 3 orders of magnitude difference in minimum spacing on the die and the substrate of the package • Finer pitch peripheral pad arrangement increasing wire bond inductance and resistance

  13. Open Source Router Code (e.g.Linksys) Asterisk Open Source PBX POTS Signaling TDM Signaling PBX Switching Packet Signaling (eg SIP, H.323) Comcerto Channel Module Networking and Routing Stacks (IP,TCP,UDP, PPP, HTTP,ICMP,IPSec etc) Comcerto Device Driver Host Kernel (Linux) including packet filtering, crypto API Hardware Crypto Modules USB Driver Dual Port Serial Driver PCI Driver Virtual Ethernet driver (control, data) Shared Memory Interface driver SPI Driver DTMF Gen & Det Caller ID Gen & Det Voice Packet classifier & switching/bridging RTP/RTCP or CPS Eth, PPP Framing, IP, UDP Framing G.711,729a/b/eG.726,723a Enet Driver WAN T.38 FOIP Enet Driver LAN MPoA MPoFR G.168 Echo Cancel FRF.12 AAL5 V.27, V.29, V.17 HDLC Driver (WAN HSSI) ATMDriver (WAN Utopia) TDM Driver CSP Customer Software MSP Supplied Software CSP Supplied Software Block Diagram for VoIP / Data Routing SoC Software Stack Over 2 million lines of code

  14. Implications for Southern California & CPCC Convergence Brings a Plethora of Exciting New Opportunities to SoCAL & CPCC • Unique with rich communications expertise • Built primarily from defense legacy • Unique with deep semiconductor and software expertise • Unique with five world leading universities (e.g. UCI, Caltech, UCLA, UCSD, and USC) • However, we need : • - Tighter coupling between universities and industry • - An ecosystem for entrepreneurial culture

  15. CPCC: Center for Pervasive Communications and Computing www.cpcc.uci.edu

  16. Ender Ayanoglu, Next Generation Wireless Local Area Networks: How to Achieve 15 dB Improvement Over Today's Standards ProposalsAhmed Eltawil,Wireless Broadband Systems: From Theory to SiliconPayam Heydari,Novel Ultra-Broadband Communications CircuitsSyed A. Jafar,Generalized MIMO: Promises and LimitationsHamid Jafarkhani, Recent Advances in Space-Time Coding and Beamforming

  17. Next Generation Wireless Local Area Networks: How to Achieve 15 dB Improvement Over Today's Standards Proposals Ender Ayanoglu UC Irvine The Henry Samueli School of Engineering Research Symposium 2005 May 23, 2005

  18. BICM-OFDM • BICM-OFDM can achieve the full frequency diversity order of L over L-tap frequency selective channels • It has a simple Viterbi decoder with modified metrics • If an equalizer is used, then the channel state information should be included at the bit metric level • Modified bit metrics are given as > 18 dB

  19. BICM-STBC-OFDM • Multiple antennas can be added at the transmitter and receiver using Space Time Block Codes to BICM-OFDM • BICM-STBC-OFDM with N transmit and M receive antennas achieves the maximum diversity order ofNMLin space and frequency over L-tap frequency selective channels 6 dB 8.5 dB

  20. Single Beamforming • The channel is known at the transmitter • Only one symbol is transmitted at a time over all the transmit antennas • Single Beamforming achieves the full spatial diversity of NM over flat fading channels when N transmit and M receive antennas are used • When used with BICM-OFDM, BBO (BICM-Beamforming-OFDM) achieves the full spatial and frequency diversity order of NML over L-tap frequency selective channels • Beamforming provides coding gain compared to STBC based systems 6.5 dB

  21. BICM-Multiple Beamforming(BICM-MB) • More than one symbol is transmitted over N transmit antennas • The diversity order of uncoded multiple beamforming decreases with increasing number of symbols transmitted. The diversity order of N transmit M receive antennas multiple beamforming system is (N-S+1)(M-S+1) when S symbols are transmitted • BICM-MB achieves full spatial diversity order of NMwhile achieving full spatial multiplexing of S=min(N,M). We designed an interleaver/code design criterion which satisfies full spatial diversity while maintaning full spatial multiplexing 14 dB > 20 dB 18 dB

  22. BICM-MB-OFDM • If the channel is frequency selective, then OFDM is used to combat ISI • BICM-MB-OFDM can achieve full spatial and frequency diversity of NML while maintaining full spatial multiplexing of S=min(N,M), by using an appropriate convolutional code. 15 dB 9.5 dB

  23. Wireless Broadband Systems From Theory to Silicon California: Prosperity Through Technology Symposium May 2005 Ahmed M. Eltawil

  24. 1800 Mobile Fixed Mobile Internet Fixed Internet Mobile subscribers 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 1995 2000 2005 2010 State of the Wireless Industry • In 2004 mobile subscribers exceeded fixed subscribers Mobile Internet subscribers Subscriptions worldwide (millions) • Can we do even better ? • If so, why isn’t the potential fully realized yet ? Sources: Wireless-world-research organization

  25. State of the Wireless Industry • There are numerous reasons for this delay. • A prominent reason is the gap between expected theoretical performance and practical issues. • 3G Services are an example of a technology that “slipped” by more than two years !! Sources: Siemens Organization

  26. SoC Architectures • Identify VLSI architecture • Identify memory hierarchy • Study Hw/Sw Partitioning Device Level? • Study feasibility of dynamic power control • Voltage and frequency scaling • Effects of leakage (e.g. Multi-Vth ) Circuit Architectures • Map functionality to optimal circuit topology • For example, DDFS, Cordic’s etc. • Study performance vs. power vs. area Communication System Design • Develop, understand and evaluate comm. algorithms • Accurately model transceiver impairments • Tradeoffs between performance and constraints Device Level Communication System Design SoC Architecture Circuit Architecture Prototype Testbeds Experimental Approach to Wireless Communications

  27. Diversity Gains for WCDMA • Intention: • Study the impact of space diversity on WCDMA mobile terminals. • Issues: • Robustness of communication algorithms under stress conditions. • Tradeoff between time and space diversity. • Power consumption (2 RX chains)

  28. 1 1 1 1 Rx 1 Rx 2 Rx 2 Rx 0 . 1 0 . 1 0 . 1 R R E E L L B B dB 2 . .5 10 dB 0 0 . . 01 01 0 . 01 0 0 . . 00 00 1 1 0 . 001 - 13 - 12 - 11 - 10 - 9 - 8 - 7 - 6 - 13 - 12 - 11 - 10 - 9 - 8 - 7 - 6 - 20 - 18 - 16 - 14 - 12 - 10 - 8 - 6 - 4 DPCH_EC/Ior (dB) DPCH _ Ec / Ior ( dB ) Measured Gains • Speed: 120 Km/h • Ior/Ioc=9 dB • 384 Kbps DCH • 3 Multipath • Speed: 3 Km/h • Ior/Ioc=9 dB • 384 Kbps DCH • Flat Fading

  29. Current and Future Projects • Opportunistic communication • Spectrum is highly congested within shared bands and there is a need to study radios that can optimally utilize the available spectrum. • Co-operative radios within Ad-hoc networks • Within an ad-hoc network, different radios experience different fading conditions to a base station. • In a co-operative scheme a multi-hop network can be utilized to improve aggregate throughput. • Wideband channel modeling and emulation • Increasingly important in advanced wireless standards especially those that depend on MIMO. • Yield issues ? • Wireless integrated circuits are becoming dominated with memory, specially in standards that utilize OFDM. • Yield issues should be revisited in an effort to improve “effective” yield based on knowledge of desired application, namely wireless.

  30. Novel Ultra-Broadband Communications Circuits Payam Heydari Broadband IC Lab UC Irvine EECS/CPCC/Cal-(IT)2 5/23/2005 UCI Research Symposium

  31. Digital Analog D/A A/D p- Epitaxial Layer p+ Substrate Challenges in Ultra-Broadband IC Design • Circuit level: • Design of silicon-based RF circuits with BW >500MHz: challenging • The conventional design techniques (e.g., matching for the optimum power gain and NF) must be revisited • Transistor/device level: • Parasitics not negligible • Lumped models not verified at multi-GHz frequencies • Highly layout dependent • Greater accuracy required • Passive elements’ losses not negligible • Scalable models desired • Technology scaling: stacking not possible

  32. … … … … … K=down sizing factor; N = number of stages = 3; VDD=1.8V ; W/L = 180mm/0.2mm Ld = Lg = 363pH; Rd = Rg = 50W; K = 1.5 Non-Uniform Downsized Distributed Amplifiers(2005 IEEE ISSCC) Ld /2 Ld /2 Ld /2KN Ld /2KN Rd VDD + Vout - CD/KN CD CD/KN CD (W/L) (W/L)/K VBIAS ISS /K ISS Cc Rg + Vin - Lg /2 Lg /2

  33. Measurement Results The die photo Area: 1.025x1.29 mm2 Drain-Line Inductors Gate-Line Inductors

  34. A Novel FF-Based Frequency Divider (2004 Transactions on VLSI ) VDD RD RD Vout1 X Y M1 M2 M3 M4 VREF Vout2 Vin2 Latch 2 Vin1 M8 M6 M7 M5 VCLK+ VCLK- M11 M10 M9 VBIAS2 VBIAS1 VBIAS1 Latch 1 • A novel FF-based FD fabricated in a 0.18mm CMOS process for a targeting frequency of 40GHz • The latch and the tracking circuits employ two distinct tail currents • Makes it possible for simultaneous optimization of delay and gain

  35. Measurement Results The die photo Area: 650X715mm2 Input signal at 40GHz and output signal at 20GHz Measured input sensitivity vs. frequency

  36. A UWB Mixer Circuit(2005 Trans. VLSI - 2005 RFIC Symp.) + LIF VDD LIF /2 LIF /2 ZIF - LIF /2 LIF LIF /2 Cc LLO /2 LLO LLO /2 VLO- M22 ZLO M12 M21 M11 VBIAS,LO Cc LLO LLO /2 LLO /2 ZLO VLO+ M13 M23 VBIAS, LO Cc LRF /2 LRF LRF /2 VRF ZRF VBIAS, RF • Provides a wideband matching for up to 8.72GHz • A two-stage distributed mixer was fabricated in a 0.18μm CMOS • Experiments showed a conversion gain of more than 2.5dB • The DC power consumption was 10.4mW

  37. Measurement Results The die photo Measured two-tone test of the mixer at RF=5.016GHz and LO=4.488GHz Measured s11

  38. Generalized MIMO: Promises and Limitations Syed A. Jafar UC Irvine The Henry Samueli School of Engineering Research Symposium 2005 May 23, 2005

  39. Research Interests • Generalized MIMO • Next Generation Technologies • High Mobility Communications • Multi-user Capacity Analysis • Optimality of Simple Transceivers • Low complexity algorithms for optimal resource allocation.

  40. Generalized MIMO ? ? • Throughput grows as min(M,N) M N M N M N M N M N

  41. Channel Uncertainty, Cooperation andUsable Degrees of Freedom • Multiple users, multiple antennas provide additional degrees of freedom. • If these degrees of freedom are usable, tremendous throughput gains are possible. • The additional degrees of freedom depend on the channel uncertainty at the transmitter and receiver and the ability to jointly process signals. • With increasing channel uncertainty and without cooperation, the throughput gains quickly disappear. • Perfect channel estimation, feedback and perfect cooperation are unrealistic, especially in increasingly mobile scenarios. • The success of future wireless systems requires: • Shaping the channel uncertainty. • operating at the best point on channel uncertainty-throughput curve. • near-optimal, joint adaptation, resource allocation and scheduling.

  42. Next Gen. Tech. (CDMA, OFDM) • Users vary their rates by choosing the spreading factor, number of codes, modulation scheme etc. • Optimal adaptation to maximize throughput ? • Power loading used to maximize throughput. • Power loading used to control PAPR. • Optimal throughput subject to PAPR constraints. (1,1) h2 (0,1) (1,0) (0,0) h1

  43. High Mobility Communications • Rapidly varying channel • Mobility and channel knowledge • Low processing complexity • Comparative analysis of • Coherent schemes • Non-coherent schemes • Partially coherent schemes • Impact on cooperative schemes • Optimal transceiver design

  44. Recent Advances inSpace-Time Coding and Beamforming Presenter: Li Liu Advisor: Hamid Jafarkhani UC Irvine The Henry Samueli School of Engineering Research Symposium May 23, 2005

  45. Research Focus • High efficiency coding & modulation schemes forwireless communications. • New algorithms forMIMOsystems. • Solutions for both open loop and close loop system. • Simple/low-cost implementation. • Strategy:Space-Time Coding

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