What Is Engineering?
1. What Is Engineering?. Objectives. Define engineering . Identify and describe the types of knowledge used by engineers. List the roles that make an engineering team. List several engineering disciplines. Summarize the historical developments in engineering. Engineering Defined.
What Is Engineering?
E N D
Presentation Transcript
1 What Is Engineering?
Objectives • Define engineering. • Identify and describe the types of knowledge used by engineers. • List the roles that make an engineering team. • List several engineering disciplines. • Summarize the historical developments in engineering.
Engineering Defined • Uses math, science, and technology • Creates products and systems • Improves world
What Are Engineers? • Highly trained professionals • Use math and science knowledge and skills • Use materials and natural forces • Solve problems
Problem Solving • Engineers use engineering design process • Take into account design parameters • Specifications • Constraints • Balance for optimization • Make trade-offs
Types of Knowledge • Mathematical knowledge • Scientific knowledge • Technical knowledge Picsfive/Shutterstock.com; Stuart Jenner/Shutterstock.com; Serg64/Shutterstock.com
Mathematical Knowledge • Analysis of data (graphs, charts, data tables) • Algebra (relationships between variables) • Calculus (rate of change, forces acting on object) • Statistics (failure analyses, reliability, justification of design decisions)
Scientific Knowledge • Statics, force, load, and tension • Ohm’s law, atomic structure, and circuit theory • Thermodynamics • Kinematics • Fluid mechanics • Boolean logic
Technical Knowledge • Use of design tools, such as computer-aided design software and drawing tools • Use of mechanical tools, such as gauges and meters • Use of communication tools, such as e-mail and document preparation and presentation software
Types of Skills and Traits • Interest in solving problems • Detail oriented • Analytic ability • Creativity • Drawing and design skills • Interpersonal and communication skills • Time and project management skills
Role of Engineers • Design • Production • Material use • Coordination and management of project • Analysis • Project leading • Decision making
Engineering Teams • Often include engineering technicians • Generally use more technology than engineers • Often use less scientific and math knowledge than engineers • Often include tradespeople • Follow plans of engineers or technicians • Have specific technical knowledge and skills
Chemical engineering Environmental engineering Nuclear engineering Petroleum and mining engineering Engineering Disciplines • Materials engineering • Electrical engineering • Civil engineering • Mechanical engineering • Bioengineering • Computer engineering • Aerospace engineering • Manufacturing engineering
Materials Engineering • Focuses on nature of materials • Design and test new materials • Find new ways to use existing materials • Requires understanding of material properties • Atomic structure • Strength • Stress • Strain • Elasticity
Electrical Engineering • Focuses on design and development of electrical and electronic systems and products • Sometimes employed in other industries • Requires application of electrical principles • Nature of electricity • Voltage, current, and resistance • Circuit design • Electrical measurement
Civil Engineering • Focuses on structures and natural resources • Considered to be oldest engineering field • Subfields include structural engineering • Requires use of construction concepts • Statics • Mechanics • Surveying and mapping • Use of different construction materials
Mechanical Engineering • Focuses on design, building, and maintenance of mechanical, thermal, and fluid systems • Requires use of energy concepts • Mechanics • Pneumatics • Hydraulics • Power transmission • Gear ratios • Efficiency
Bioengineering • Focuses on problems relating to biology • Includes biomedical engineering • Focus on humans • Design of medical devices and diagnostic tools • Includes agricultural engineering • Focus on plants and animals • Design of machines and processes for farming
Computer Engineering • Focuses on design, development, and testing of computer systems • Computer hardware and peripherals • Computer software • Computer network devices • Requires understanding of computer concepts • Computer logic • Computer architecture • Human-computer interaction
Aerospace Engineering • Designs, builds, analyzes, and troubleshoots aircraft, spacecraft, and space planes • Includes aeronautics and astronautics • Uses transportation concepts • Fluid dynamics • Aerodynamics • Principles of flight • Aircraft and spacecraft design
Manufacturing Engineering • Focuses on design and coordination of production of products • Organizes material handling processes • Supervises quality control • Requires understanding of manufacturing • Material processes • Plant and process layout • Principles of quality control • Material handling techniques
Chemical Engineering • Concerned with production of chemicals • Employed in many industries • Designs production techniques and facilities • Improves safety of manufacturing facilities • Solves many problems • Chemical problems • Material problems • Large-scale production problems
Going Green Environmental Engineering • Designs environmentally friendly products • Works to improve air and soil quality • Works to enhance human health • Tries to find new ways to reduce pollution • Works to protect environment and make it safer • Employed in many areas
Other Engineering Disciplines • Nuclear engineering – designs ways to safely use nuclear materials • Petroleum and mining engineering – finds new ways to extract raw materials from earth
History of Engineering • Humans have been involved with engineering for thousands of years • As a defined profession, only several hundred years old • Each field of engineering has its own history
Engineering through History Goodheart-Willcox Publisher
Early Civilizations • Development of engineering follows human and societal needs • Use of trial-and-error method rather than use of mathematics and science as foundation
Early Civilizations • Temples and pyramids • Irrigation systems, dams, and aqueducts • Metal tools and weapons • Systems of roadways • Waterwheels • Vehicles
Industrial Revolution • Formalization of many forms of engineering • Watt’s improvements to steam engine • Discovery of magnetic induction • First battery • Incandescent lightbulb • Electric induction motor • Discovery of 70 chemical elements • Cotton gin, reaper, and steel plow
Twentieth Century Advances • New heights for buildings and structures • Production facilities developed • Development of radio, TV, computer, electronics, and satellites • New fields of computer engineering, software engineering, electronic engineering, and aerospace engineering • Advances in medicine and medical imaging
Engineering in the Twenty-First Century • More powerful, faster, and more capable computers • Vehicles that will make space travel more feasible and economical • More efficient machines • Nanotechnology
