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Understanding Electricity: Current, Voltage, and Resistance Basics

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This overview introduces key concepts in electricity, including current, potential difference (voltage), and resistance. We explore the closed circuit, which allows the flow of electrons, and define voltage as the difference in electrical potential that pushes electrons from negative to positive. Current measures the flow of electrons through a conductor, and resistance opposes this flow. Ohm's Law, a foundational principle in electrical theory, relates voltage, current, and resistance with the formula V = I × R, showing how these elements interact in an electrical circuit.

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Understanding Electricity: Current, Voltage, and Resistance Basics

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Electricity II. Electric Current Circuit Potential Difference Current Resistance Ohm’s Law

  2. A. Circuit • Circuit • closed path through which electrons can flow

  3. A. Potential Difference • Potential Difference (voltage) • difference in electrical potential between two places • large separation of charge creates high voltage • the “push” that causes e- to move from - to + • measured in volts (V)

  4. B. Current • Current • flow of electrons through a conductor • depends on # of e- passing a point in a given time • measured in amperes (A)

  5. Copper - low resistance Tungsten - high resistance C. Resistance • Resistance • opposition to the flow of electrons • measured in ohms ()

  6. C. Resistance • Resistance depends on… • the conductor • wire thickness • less resistance in thicker wires • wire length • less resistance in shorter wires • temp - less resistance at low temps

  7. E. Ohm’s Law • Ohm’s Law V: potential difference (V) I: current (A) R: resistance () V = I × R • Voltage increases when current increases. • Voltage decreases when resistance increases.

  8. V R I E. Ohm’s Law • A lightbulb with a resistance of 160  is plugged into a 120-V outlet. What is the current flowing through the bulb? GIVEN: R = 160  V = 120 V I = ? WORK: I = V ÷ R I = (120 V) ÷ (160 ) I = 0.75 A

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