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CHEMISTRY TEST REVIEW

CHEMISTRY TEST REVIEW. MYRTLE BEACH MIDDLE. Indicator 5.1 Recognize that matter is composed of extremely small particles called atoms. All elements are composed of extremely small particles called Atoms What is the smallest part of an element? An Atom An atom has mass and takes up space.

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CHEMISTRY TEST REVIEW

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  1. CHEMISTRY TEST REVIEW MYRTLE BEACH MIDDLE

  2. Indicator 5.1Recognize that matter is composed of extremely small particles called atoms. • All elements are composed of extremely small particles called Atoms • What is the smallest part of an element? An Atom • An atom has mass and takes up space

  3. Indicator 5.2 Classify matter as element, compound, or mixture on the basis of its composition. • Substances that CANNOT be broken down chemically into other substances are called elements • A group of atoms that are joined together and act as a single unit is called a(n) molecule • Which type of matter consists of two or more substances that are NOT chemically combined? Mixture • Carbon dioxide is an example of a(n) Compound

  4. Indicator 5.2 Classify matter as element, compound, or mixture on the basis of its composition. 5. Which type of mixture is not uniform throughout? Heterogeneous 6. Salad is an example of a heterogeneous mixture • Which type of mixture is uniform throughout? Homogeneous • Koolaid in water is an example of a homogenous mixture. 9. The other name for a homogeneous mixture is a solution.

  5. Indicator5.3Compare the physical properties of metals and nonmetals. • What are the physical properties of most metals? Luster, conductors of heat and electricity, malleable, ductile, high density • What are the physical properties of most nonmetals? Dull, nonconductors, brittle

  6. Indicator5.4Use the periodic table to identify the basic organization of elements and groups of elements(including metals, nonmetals, and families). • From an element’s location in the periodic table, you can predict it’s properties. • The elements in a column of the periodic table are in the same family or group • What about the elements in a column of the periodic table is true? They have similar properties • The elements in a row of the periodic table are in the same period • Where are nonmetals located on the periodic table? Right of zigzag line • Where are metals located in the periodic table? Left of zigzag line

  7. Indicator 5.5Translate chemical symbols and the chemical formulas of common substances to show the component parts of the substances • Each element is represented by a one-letter or two-letter chemical symbol • KNOW THESE: Sodium (Na), Chlorine (Cl), Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O), Carbon (C), Nitrogen (N) • Each molecule or compound is represented by a chemical formula • Subscripts in a chemical formula tell you the number of atoms of that element.

  8. Indicator 5.5Translate chemical symbols and the chemical formulas of common substances to show the component parts of the substances 5. KNOW THESE: NaCl [table salt], H2O [water], C6H12O6 [sugar], O2 [oxygen gas], CO2 [carbon dioxide], N2 [nitrogen gas]).

  9. Indicator 5.6Distinguish between acids and bases and use indicators to determine their relative pH. • A substance that tastes bitter, feels slippery, and turns red litmus paper blue is a(n) base • What are characteristic properties of acids? Taste sour ~ turn blue litmus paper red ~ ph < 7 ~ react with metals to make hydrogen gas ~ react with bases to make a neutral solution. • What are likely uses for base? cleaners • The pH scale measures how acidic or basic a solution is.

  10. Indicator 5.6Distinguish between acids and bases and use indicators to determine their relative pH. 5. If a solution has a pH of 9, the solution is a(n) base 6. You can find the pH of a substance by using substances called indicators 7. One indicator or phenolphthalein which turns magenta in a base 8. A neutral solution has a pH of 7

  11. Indicator 5.7Identify the reactants and products in chemical equations. • A shorter, easier way to show chemical reactions, using symbols instead of words, is called a Chemical equation • The substances listed on the left side of a chemical equation are the Reactants • The substances listed on the right side of a chemical equation are the Products

  12. Indicator 5.7Identify the reactants and products in chemical equations. • 4. Label the product, reactant, yield, coefficient, subscript Reactant Yield Product 2H2 + O2 2H2O Coefficient Subscript

  13. Indicator 5.8Explain how a balanced chemical equation supports the law of conservation of matter. • In a chemical equation, numbers often appear in front of a chemical formula. These numbers are called the Coefficients and tell you the number of molecules • State the law of conservation of matter: Matter can be neither created nor destroyed, but only changed in form. total mass of reactants = total mass of products

  14. Indicator 5.8Explain how a balanced chemical equation supports the law of conservation of matter. 3 We show that chemical reactions follow the law of conservation of matter by writing a balanced chemical equation. 4 Is the following a balanced chemical equation? No Why or why not? The # of atoms of oxygen are not the same on each side of the equation. H2O2 H2O + O2

  15. \Indicator 5.9Compare physical properties of matter (including melting or boiling point, density, and color) to the chemical property of reactivity with a certain substance (including the ability to burn or to rust). • A physical property can be observed or measured without changing the composition of the substance. • The measurement of how much mass is contained in a given volume is called density • The temperature at which a solid changes to a liquid is called the melting point • The temperature at which a liquid boils is called the boiling point

  16. \Indicator 5.9Compare physical properties of matter (including melting or boiling point, density, and color) to the chemical property of reactivity with a certain substance (including the ability to burn or to rust). 5. The melting point of water is 0oC and the boiling point is 100oC. 6. To observe a chemical property the composition of the substance IS changed. 7. The 2 chemical properties are the ability to burn and to rust

  17. Indicator 5.10Compare physical changes (including changes in size, shape, and state) to chemical changes that are the result of chemical reactions including changes in color or temperature and formation of a precipitate or gas). • The 3 ways of changing a substance physically are to change the size, shape or the state/phase. • A change that alters the form of a substance without changing it into another substance is called a(n) physical change. • A chemical change results in a new substance • The 5 ways you know a chemical change has happened are: color change, temperature change, forming a gas or a precipitate and the reaction is not reversible

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