Using Verbs Correctly

1. Using Verbs Correctly English 10A – Chapter 18

2. Principal Parts of Verbs • 1. Base form • 2. Present participle • 3. Past • 4. Past participle

3. Regular verbs • Key concept: Regular verbs generally form past and past participle by adding –d or –edto the base form • Work  worked  have worked • Blame  blamed  have blamed • Common error: Leaving the –d or –ed off of a past or past participle form. • Are you suppose to be texting in class?  • Are you supposed to be texting in class? 

4. Regular, yet irregular… • Some regular verbs have other past and past participle forms. • Burn  burned or burnt • Dream  dreamed or dreamt • Most verbs ending in e drop the e before adding –ingor –ed, while some add a double consonant • Snore  snoring  snored • Nap  napping  napped

5. Irregular Verbs • Key concept: Irregular verbs form their past and past participle in some other way than simply adding –d or –ed. • 1. Consonant change (bend  bent) • 2. Vowel change (sing  sang) • 3. Vowel and consonant change (catch  caught) • 4. No change (set  set) • More irregular verbs – p. 577-579

6. Practice Makes Perfect! • Exercise 3 – Page 580 – Odds Only! • Exercise 4 – Page 581 – Odds Only!

7. Six Troublesome Verbs • Lie and lay • Sit and set • Raise and rise

8. Lay vs. Lie • The verb lie means “to rest,” “to recline,” or “to be in a place.” • It does not take a direct object • The verb lay means “to put something in a place.” • Generally does have a direct object • You lie down on the couch when you don’t feel well. • The student mistakenly laid his iPad in in a pool of coffee.

9. Practice Makes Perfect! • Page 583, Exercises 5-7 (odds only)

10. Sit vs. Set • Sit means “to rest in a seated position” or “to be in a place” – rarely takes a direct object • You may sit in the hallway when you do not read.  • Set means “to put something in a place” – generally has a direct object • Tom Brady set the football down in the end zone after the touchdown.

11. Practice Makes Perfect • Page 586, Exercises 8 & 9– ODDS ONLY!

12. Self-Evaluation • Page 587 – Review A • Self-evaluation of learning targets • Identify the correct forms of lie and lay • Identify the correct forms of sit and set • Specific questions?

13. Rise vs. Raise • Rise means “to go up” or “to get up.” • No direct object • If there is water on your chair, you will rise quickly. • Raise means “to lift” or “to cause something to rise.” • Generally a direct object • She raised her hand to show she knew the answer.

14. Practice! • Page 589 – Exercise 10 – ODDS ONLY • Page 589 – Review B – ALL OF THEM! • Self-evaluate learning targets

15. Verb Tense • The tense of a verb indicates the time of the action or state of being expressed by the verb • English verbs have six tenses • Present • Past • Future • Present perfect • Past perfect • Future perfect

16. Verb Tense Timeline Past Existing or happening in the past Present Existing or happening now Future Existing or happening in the future Past Perfect Existing or happening before a specific time in the past Present Perfect Existing or happening sometime before now; may be continuing now Future Perfect Existing or happening before a specific time in the future

17. Conjugation of Verbs • Conjugation is the listing of all of the forms of a verb according to tense • Notice the charts on page 590-591 & 592-593 • Common helping verbs in each tense • Will = future tense • Have + past participle = present perfect • Had + past participle = past perfect • Will + have + past participle = future perfect • Singular and plural for each tense

18. Progressive Form • Progressive form of a verb is used to express continuing action or state of being. • May also be called “continuous” in other resources. • Formed with the appropriate tense of “be” + present participle • I am running. (present progressive) • I was running. (past progressive) • I will be running. (future progressive) • I have been running. (present perfect progressive) • I had been running. (past perfect progressive) • I will have been running. (future perfect progressive)

19. Emphatic Form • Use to show emphasis • Only in present and past tenses • Formed by adding “do” or “does” and base form in present • Formed by adding “did” and the base form in the past • Why do we complete Read Now? • It does help improve reading comprehension.

20. The Uses of the Tenses • Present tense – occurring now • Shows customary or habitual action or state of being • States a general truth – something always true • Summarizes plot of literary works • Make historical event seem current (historical present) • Express future time • Ikemefuna lives with Okonkwo in TFA. • She is wearing a sparkly dress to homecoming.

21. The Use of the Tenses • Past Tense – happened in the past and did not continue into the present • I asked for extra cheese on my pizza. • The Seahawks won the Superbowl last year. • He was studying last night. • We did enjoy the weekend weather.

22. The Use of the Tenses • Future tense – Will occur • Usually formed with will or shall and the base form of a verb • I will be there at five o’clock. • The Patriots will win during Monday Night Football.

23. The Use of the Tenses • Present Perfect – Occurred at an indefinite time in the past • Formed with have or has and the past participle form • One Direction has played in Detroit. • Also used to express action that began in the past and continues to the present • They have been attracting thousands of teenage girls since they came to America.

24. The Use of the Tenses • Past Perfect – Ended before another past action or state of being occurred. • Formed with had and the past participle • Mrs. Krabill told her class that she had been a waitress. • After Mrs. Swope had cooked dinner, Mr. Swope cleaned the kitchen.

25. The Use of the Tenses • Future Perfect – Will end before another future action • Formed with shall have or will have and the past participle • At the end of this year, Mrs. Krabillwill have been teaching for five years. (progressive) • By the time you get my letter, I will have returned home.

26. Be Consistent • Do not change from one tense to another when it is not necessary • If events happened at the same time, use the same tense • If events happened at different times, use different tenses to show sequence. • Last night, my dad told me he wants to visit.

27. Practice Makes Perfect! • Page 596 – Exercise 11 – Odds Only • Page 597 – Exercise 12 – Odds Only • Page 598 – Exercise 13 - #1-7 • Finish for homework!

28. Voice • Voice is the form a verb takes to indicate whether the subject of the verb performs or receives the action • There are two options: Active or Passive Voice

29. Active vs. Passive Voice • Active: The subject of a verb performs the action • Passive: The subject of a verb receives the action • Students earn their grades. (active) • Grades are earned by students. (passive) • Mr. Sanchez resetsiPads. (active) • iPadsare reset by Mr. Sanchez. (passive) • Use passive voice sparingly!!! It’s boring.

30. Practice! • Page 604-605 - Exercises 15-16 – Odds Only • Review C: All of them • Self-evaluation

31. Mood • Mood is the form a verb takes to indicate the attitude of the person using the verb • Indicative: Expresses a fact, opinion, or question. • Chenua Achebe is the author of Things Fall Apart. • They think we started the rumors. • Imperative: Expresses a direct command or request. • Please bring me a cup of coffee. • Subjunctive: Expresses a suggestion, necessity, a condition contrary to fact, or a wish. • I wish students would do their homework. • Mrs. Thompson recommends that you go to college. • If I were you, I would take her suggestion seriously.

32. Practice • Exercise 17 – Odds only • Review D – All of them • More practice… • Chapter Review!