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Chapter 2 The Internet and World Wide Web

Chapter 2 The Internet and World Wide Web Just remember… It took 38 years for radio to reach 50 million users 13 years for television to reach 50 million users Less than 4 years for the Web to do the same! By 2010, about 80% of the planet will be on the Internet The Internet Next

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Chapter 2 The Internet and World Wide Web

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  1. Chapter 2The Internet and World Wide Web

  2. Just remember… • It took • 38 years for radio to reach 50 million users • 13 years for television to reach 50 million users • Less than 4 years for the Web to do the same! • By 2010, about 80% of the planet will be on the Internet

  3. The Internet Next • What are some services found on the Internet? p. 68-69 Fig. 2-1

  4. History of the Internet ARPANET Networking project by Pentagon’s Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) Goal:To allow scientists at different locations to share information Goal:To function if part of network were disabled Became functional September 1969 Next • How did the Internet originate? p. 69

  5. ARPANET • Started as WAN with 4 main computers • University of California at Los Angeles • Stanford Research Institute • University of California at Santa Barbara • University of Utah • By 1984 ARPANET = 1,000 nodes (hosts) • Today more than 350 million nodes/hosts connect to Net September 1969

  6. ARPANET September 1971

  7. History of the Internet Today More than 350 million host nodes 1984 More than 1,000 host nodes 1969 Four host nodes Next • How has the Internet grown? p. 69

  8. How The Internet Works Regional ISP Step 3 Step 5 Step 1 Step 2 Step 4 National ISP Step 6 Local ISP Internet backbone Step 8 Step 7 National ISP Backbone Maps http://www.nthelp.com/maps.htm

  9. History of the Internet • Internet2 (I2) • Internet-related research and development project • Develops and tests advanced Internet technologies World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) • Oversees research, sets standards and guidelines • Tim Berners-Lee, director Next • Who controls the Internet? • No onec—cit is a public, cooperative, andindependent network • Several organizations set standards p. 70

  10. How the Internet Works Next • How can you connect to the Internet? Slow-speed technology High-speed connection Dial-up accessmodem in your computer uses a standard telephone line to connect to the Internet Digital subscriber line (DSL),cable telephone Internet services (CATV), cable modem,fixed wireless, and satellite modems Connection must be established each time you log on. Slow but inexpensive Connection is always on—whenever the computer is running p. 70

  11. How the Internet Works Next • What are ways to access the Internet? • ISP, Regional or National • OSP (AOL and MSN, for example) • Wireless Internet Service Provider p. 71 – 72 Fig. 2-2

  12. How the Internet Works Next • What is a domain name? • Text version ofInternet Protocol (IP) address • Number that uniquely identifies each computer or device connected to Internet p. 73 - 74 Figs. 2-4 – 2-5

  13. The World Wide Web A worldwide collection of electronic documents Also called the Web Each electronic document is called a Web page Can contain text, graphics, sound, video, and built-in connections A Web site is a collection of related Web pages Next • What is the World Wide Web (WWW)? p. 75

  14. The World Wide Web MicrosoftInternetExplorer Netscape Mozilla Firefox Opera Safari Next • What is a Web browser? • Program that allows you to view Web pages p. 75

  15. The World Wide Web Next • What is a home page? • The first page that a Web site presents • Often provides connections to other Web pages p. 76 Fig.2-1a

  16. The World Wide Web Next • How do handheld computers and cellular telephones access the Web? • Use a microbrowser that displays Web pages that contain mostly text • Must be Internet-enabled p. 76 Fig. 2-7

  17. The World Wide Web Next • What is downloading? • The process of a computer receiving information • Depending upon connection speed, downloading can take from a few seconds to several minutes p. 76

  18. The World Wide Web Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 2, Click Web Linkfrom left navigation, then click Web Addresses below Chapter 2 Next • What is a URL? Unique address for a Web page A web server delivers the Web page to your computer p. 76 Fig. 2-8

  19. The World Wide Web Next • What is a link? • Built-in connection to another related Web page location • Item found elsewhere on same Web page • Different Web page at same Web site • Web page at a different Web site p. 77

  20. The World Wide Web Next • How can you recognize links? • Pointer changes to a small handwhen you point toa link • A link can be text or an image • Text links areusually underlinedand in a differentcolor p. 77 Fig. 2-9

  21. The World Wide Web Next • What is a subject directory? • Search tool with organized set of topics and subtopics • Lets you find information by clicking links rather than entering keywords p. 78 – 79 Fig. 2-11

  22. The World Wide Web Next • What is a search engine? • Program used to find Web sites and Web pages by entering words or phrases called search text • Also called a keyword p. 78 – 80 Fig. 2-10

  23. The World Wide Web Step 2.Select type of search you wantto run Step 1.Go to search engine Step 3.View hits Step 4.Click link to view Web site Next • What is a hit? • Any Web site name that is listed as the result of a search p. 80 Fig. 2-12

  24. The World Wide Web • Portal • News • Informational • Business/Marketing • Educational • Entertainment • Advocacy • Blog • Wiki • Content Aggregator • Personal Next • What are the eleven basic types of Web sites? p. 82 – 84 Fig. 2-14

  25. The World Wide Web Next • What is a portal? • A Web site that offers a variety of services from one, convenient location, usually for free • Searching, sports, e-mail, news, weather, auctions, Web communities(Web sites that join people with similar interests) p. 82 Fig. 2-14a

  26. The World Wide Web Next • What is a wiki? • Collaborative Web site that allows users to add to, modify, or delete the Web site content via their Web browser p. 84 Fig. 2-14i

  27. The World Wide Web Next • What is a content aggregator? • Business that gathers and organizes Web content and then distributes, or feeds, the content to subscribers for free or a fee p. 84 Fig. 2-14j

  28. The World Wide Web Next • What are the guidelines for evaluating the value of a Web site? Affiliation Audience Authority Content Currency Design Objectivity p. 84 Fig. 2-15

  29. The World Wide Web Next • What is multimedia? • Application integrating text with other media elements • Graphics • Animation • Audio • Video • Virtual reality • Plug-Ins p. 85 Fig. 2-16

  30. The World Wide Web Next • What graphics formats are used on the Web? BMP JPEG(pronounced JAY-peg) PNG(pronounced ping) TIFF GIF(pronounced JIFF) p. 85 Fig. 2-17

  31. The World Wide Web Next • What is a thumbnail? • Small version of a larger graphicc—used to improve Web page display time • Usually click on thumbnail to display larger graphic p. 86 Fig. 2-18

  32. The World Wide Web Next • What is animation? • Appearance of motion created bydisplaying a series of still imagesin sequence p. 86

  33. The World Wide Web Next • What is audio? • Music, speech, or any other sound • Individual compressed sound files that you download from the Web to your computer • Common Web audio file formats are AA, AAC, AIFF, ASF, MP3, WAV, WMA, RA, and QT • Once downloaded, you can play (listen to) the contents of the files p. 86 Fig. 2-20

  34. The World Wide Web Next • What is video? • Consists of full-motion images that areplayed back at various speeds • MPEG (Moving Pictures Experts Group)is popular video compressionstandard p. 88 Fig. 2-21

  35. The World Wide Web Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 2, Click Web Linkfrom left navigation, then click Streaming Media below Chapter 2 Next • What is streaming audio/video? The process oftransferring audio/videoin a continuousand even flow Enables you tolisten to music or watcha video as it downloadsto your computer p. 86

  36. The World Wide Web Next • What is virtual reality (VR)? • Use of computers to simulate real or imagined environment • Appears as a three dimensional (3-D) space • Used for games and many practical applications p. 88 Fig. 2-22

  37. The World Wide Web Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 2, Click Web Linkfrom left navigation, then click Plug-Ins below Chapter 2 Next • What are plug-ins? • Programs that extend the capability of a browser • You can download many plug-ins at nocost from variousWeb sites p. 89 Fig. 2-23

  38. Web Publishing Step 2.Analyze and design the Web site Step 1.Plan the Web site Step 3.Create the Web site Step 5.Maintain the Web site Step 4.Deploy the Web site Next • What is Web publishing? • Development and maintenance of Web pages p. 89 Fig. 2-24

  39. E-Commerce Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 2, Click Web Linkfrom left navigation, then click E-Commerce below Chapter 2 Next • What is E-commerce? • Short for electronic commerce • Business transaction that occurs over the Internet Business to consumer (B2C)Sale of goods to general public Consumer to consumer (C2C)One consumer sells directly to another Business to business (B2B)Business providing goods andservices to other businesses p. 91 Fig. 2-25

  40. Other Internet Services Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 2, Click Web Linkfrom left navigation, then click E-Mail below Chapter 2 Next • What is E-mail? • Short for electronic mail • The transmission of messages and files via a computer network • Messages can consist of simple text or can contain attachments, such as documents, graphics, or audio/video clips • Internet access providers usually provide an e-mail program • Some Web sites—such as MSN Hotmail and Yahoo!—provide free e-mail services • One of the original services on the Internet p. 92 - 94

  41. Other Internet Services Next • What is an e-mail address? • Unique name that consists of a user name and domain name that identifies the user p. 94 Fig. 2-27

  42. E-mail “Tidbits” • Attachments / Viruses • Anonymous e-mail • SPAM • Hoaxes / Urban Legends • How long does e-mail last? • Example?

  43. Other Internet Services Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 2, Click Web Linkfrom left navigation, then click FTP below Chapter 2 Next • What is FTP? • File Transfer Protocol—Internet standard that allows you to upload and download files with other computers on the Internet p. 96 Fig. 2-29

  44. Other Internet Services Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 2, Click Web Linkfrom left navigation, then click Newsgroups and Message Boards below Chapter 2 Next • What are newsgroupsandmessage boards? • Newsgroup • Online area where users discuss a particular subject • Message board • Type of discussion group • Many Web sites use message boards because they are easier to use p. 96 - 97 Fig. 2-30

  45. Other Internet Services Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 2, Click Web Linkfrom left navigation, then click Mailing Listsbelow Chapter 2 Next • What is a mailing list? • Group of e-mail addresses given a single name • When a message is sent to the mailing list, everyone on the list receives the message • To add your name to a mailing list you must subscribe to it; to remove your name you must unsubscribe p. 97 Fig. 2-31

  46. Other Internet Services Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 2, Click Web Linkfrom left navigation, then click Chat Roomsbelow Chapter 2 Next • What is a chat? • Real-time typed conversation that takes place on a computer • Chat room is location on server that permits users to discuss topics of interest p. 98 Fig. 2-32

  47. Other Internet Services Step 2.The server determines if any of your established friends, family, or coworkers, called buddies, are online Step 1.Login to the IM server Step 5.Your buddy replies Step 3.You send instant messages to an online buddy Step 4.Your Instant Message travels through a messaging server and then to the online buddy Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 2, Click Web Linkfrom left navigation, then click Instant Messagingbelow Chapter 2 Next • What is instant messaging (IM)? • A real-time Internet communications service that notifies you when one or more people are online and allows you to exchange messages or files p. 98 Fig. 2-33

  48. Other Internet Services Next • What is internet telephony? • Enables users to speak to other users over the Internet using their computer p. 99 - 100 Fig. 2-34

  49. Netiquette Next • What is netiquette? • Code of acceptable behaviors users should follow while on the Internet Golden Rule: Treat others as you would like them to treat you. p. 100

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