1 / 14

Daily Life in Ancient Israel

ostinmannual
Télécharger la présentation

Daily Life in Ancient Israel

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

    1. Daily Life in Ancient Israel Chapter 13

    3. City Life 1,000 3,000 people Extremely crowded conditions some buildings shared walls Typical house: stone base, mudbrick walls, and a flat roof made of mud or sticks and thatch Cities usually had a major public square where marketing was done and where elders met to make judgments Some evidence of a drainage system, but most cities were probably garbage-infested

    4. The Human Person in Israelite Thinking Descriptions were concrete Ex. Song of Songs Humans are made up of flesh (basar), spirit (ruah), heart (leb), and soul (nepesh) The basic quality of human life comes from the soul desire, feeling, weakness, need for nourishment Israelites viewed a person as unified in flesh and spirit

    5. Sickness and Old Age Sickness Medicine depended on natural roots and plants; used fantastic curses or prayed to God Some belief in evil spirits causing illnesses God was the ultimate cause of a cure Old Age Life was short average less than 45 years The long lifespans (ex. Abraham @ 175 years old; Moses @ 120 years old) was a sign of blessing for being faithful rather than a literal age of death Old age was seen as a time of failing strength, loss of eyesight, inability to eat, and growing weakness; still the elderly were respected for their wisdom

    6. Death and Afterlife Prior to, and for a while after the exile, there is little evidence that the Israelites hoped for an afterlife, although others (Egyptians, Mesopotamians, Syrians) did Israel avoided mentioning a place of joy after death instead appeared to believe in a place of stillness, darkness, and helplessness Israelites were forbidden from offering sacrifices to the dead, or consulting their spirits Awhile after the exile, the focus shifted to the goodness/evil of the life of an individual renewed interest in God not forgetting the faithful

    7. Daily Work Based off Genesis 1 and 2: the purpose of men and women is clearly said to be the domination of the earth and its cultivation After the first sin, laboring became both a blessing and a curse Other occupations: Metalworkers Artisans Scribes

    8. The Family in Israel Family Unit: Large was preferable Strong clan loyalty for the protection of all Marriage: In the bible, frequent instances of deep love Levirate marriage when a woman is widowed, she is taken in by her husbands closest male relative Women: Have less power in the relationship Responsible for educating children in the home Although not empowered, were rarely shown in the bible as being disrespected or treated badly Children: Often portrayed as headstrong and strong-willed Lucky boys got formal education: reading and writing Sons were desired = added to clan strength

    9. Sexual Attitudes Sexual behavior was carefully regulated Sex and Marriage: Love, even in arranged marriages, was expected to grow Strict laws against violation of marriage vows Sex before marriage carried with it the obligation to marry that person Other Condemned Sexual Acts: Unnatural Acts Bestiality Males wearing womens clothing Public nakedness or exposing sexual organs Sexual activity of a warrior engaged in a holy war The sexual drive was seen to be unruly as a result of the first sin by Adam and Eve

    10. Marriage Customs Monogamy vs. Polygamy: According to Genesis 1 and 2, monogamy is ideal = covenant bonds! Seems to have been standard practice around the writing of these books (1000 B.C.) except for kings In cases of polygamy, the first wife was protected and had special rights over the other wives; second wives were taken only in order to bear children Marriage Ceremonies: A time for rejoicing Husband publicly declared his obligation to care for his wife Wife processes to the grooms house

    11. Friends and Enemies Friends All brothers must be treated equally by their father even if they have different mothers There is a primary loyalty between brothers This brother idea was spread to mean all members of the covenant Enemies In many biblical stories, hatred for an enemy leads to a disaster In the proverbs, the idea of overcoming the hatred of an enemy and helping him is discussed

    12. Legal Justice in Early Israel Very little written record, especially prior to the exile Before King David- Disputes were handled at the family or clan level Blood-revenge After King David- Clan system judgments were given by the elders Penalties were generally less severe than neighboring countries

    13. Royal Justice Kings took an active interest in their lands justice they often made judgments themselves The law was built on the age-old customs and judgments; royal additions came only in cases that needed new solutions or had never occurred before Ultimately, law came from God

    14. Slavery Nearly every nation in the Near East permitted slavery Israel limited its use: Poverty forced a person into slavery just to live Prisoners of war, made to work for the state Slavery was opposed to the basis of the covenant: God had given His blessings equally and to all Both types of slavery gradually disappeared after Israel lost political independence and social conditions changed

More Related