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TYPES OF PILE

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TYPES OF PILE

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    1. NAME : FLORA WONG CHOI YEN MATRIC NO : AA03009 TASK TITLE : TYPES OF PILE SUBJECT : ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION COURSE : BACHELOR OF CIVIL & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING LECTURER : MISS KHIRUNISA ABDULAH DUE DATE : 26 JANUARY 2004

    2. TYPES OF PILE Concrete Piles - Cast In Place Concrete Piles - Precast Concrete Piles - Drilled Shafts Steel Piles - H Piles - Cylindrical - Tapered Timber Piles Composite Piles

    3. Common Driven Pile Types

    4. CONCRETE PILES Concrete is adaptable for a wide range of pile types. It can be used in precast form in driven piles, or as insertion units in bore piles. Dense well-compacted good- quality concrete can withstand fairly hard driving and it is resistant to attack by aggressive substances in the soil, or in seawater or ground water. However, concrete is precast piles is liable to damage (possibly unseen) in hard driving conditions. Weak, honeycombed concrete in cast-in-situ piles is liable to disintegration when aggressive substances are precast in soils or in ground water.

    5. CAST IN PILES Closed-ended hollow tubular sections of reinforced concrete or steel which are first driven into the ground and then filled with in-situ concrete.

    6. CAST IN PILES

    7. ADVANTAGES Absolute minimum depth No deck joints Aesthetic for small stream crossings

    8. DISADVANTAGES Not the most economical solution Limited span length Requires formwork support

    9. PRECAST PILES Reinforced or prestressed concrete or timber sections which are precast before being driven.

    10. ADVANTAGES Absolute minimum depth of precast bridge for short and intermediate spans Expedites stage construction

    11. DISADVANTAGES Difficult to manufacture Not economical Subject to longitudinal and transverse cracking Not aesthetic Not appropriate for curved or flared structures Complicated for skews

    12. DRILLED SHAFTS Drilled shafts (also called caissons, drilled piers or bored piles) have proven to be a cost effective, excellent performing, deep foundation system, that is utilized world-wide. Typically they are used for bridges and large structures, where large loads and lateral resistance are major factors.

    14. ADVANTAGES Economics Minimizes pile cap needs Slightly less noise and reduced vibrations Easily adaptable to varying site conditions High axial and lateral loading capacity  

    15. DISADVANTAGES Extremely sensitive to construction procedures Not good for contaminated sites Lack of construction expertise Lack of Qualified Inspectors

    16. STEEL more expensive then timber or concrete but this disadvantage may be outweighed by the ease of handling of steel piles, by their ability to withstand hard driving, by their resilience and strength in bending, and their capability to carry heavy loads. Steel piles can be driven in very long lengths and cause little ground displacement. They are liable to corrosion above the soil line and in disturbed ground, and they require cathodic protection of a tong life is desired in marine structures. Long steel piles of slender section may suffer damage by buckling if they deviate from their true alignment during driving.

    17. STEEL H-PILES Steel H piles are in the form of wide-flanged steel sections (normally to BS 4360 grade 43A or grade 50B) and are rolled in accordance with BS 4 part I. The displacement of the soil is small compared with other types of displacement piles. Hence, this type of pile is called a 'small displacement' pile.

    18. H-PILES

    19. ADVANTAGES available in various lengths and sizes easy to splice high capacity low soil displacement many penetrate larger obstructions with driving shoes

    20. DISADVANTAGES vulnerable to corrosion not recommended as friction pile in granular soils the tendency to bend on the weak axis during driving. Thus if piles are driven to a large depths, a considerable curvature may result.

    21. CYLINDRICAL

    22. TAPERED

    23. TIMBER PILES Untreated timber piles may be used for temporary construction, revetments, fenders and similar work; and in permanent construction where the cutoff elevation of the pile is below the permanent ground water table and where the piles are not exposed to marine borers. They are also sometimes used for trestle construction, although treated piles are preferred. Timber piles are difficult to extend, hard to anchor into the footing to resist uplift, and subject to damage if not driven carefully. Timber piles also have a maximum allowable bearing capacity of 45 Tons, whereas most structure piles are designed for at least 70 Tons.

    24. TIMBER PILES

    25. ADVANTAGES Comparatively low initial cost. Easy to handle. Resistant to decay (permanently submerged)

    26. DISADVANTAGES Difficult to splice. Vulnerable to damage at head and toe in hard driving. Vulnerable to decay (intermittently submerged) unless treated.

    27. COMPOSITE PILES Materials may be used in combination in piles and the most common example is the use of steel and concrete. This may be by using driven steel casings of various types filled with a structural core of concrete, or a steel pile protected externally by concrete casing; the latter is normally only possible for exposed lengths of piles such as would be encountered in a jetty structure. There are, however, forms of steel pile, which have grout pipes throughout their length, which are used for forming a protective outer casing after driving.

    28. COMPOSITE PILES

    29. ADVANTAGES May solve unusual design or installation problems. High capacity may be possible depending on materials. May reduce foundation cost

    30. DISADVANTAGES May be difficult to attain good joint between materials.

    31. TYPES OF PILE CONSTRUCION DISPLACEMENT PILES NON-DISPLACEMENT PILES

    32. DISPLACEMENT PILES If a pile is forced into the ground, the soil is displaced downwards and sideways, but material is not actually removed. Piles inserted in this way are called displacement piles

    34. ADVANTAGES Material forming pile can be inspected for quality and Soundness before driving. Not liable to squeezing or necking. Construction operation not affected by ground water. Projection above ground level advantageous to marine structures. Can be driven in the very long lengths.

    35. DISADVANTAGES May break during driving, necessitation replacement pile. May suffer unseen damage, which reduces carrying capacity. noise and vibration due to driving may be unacceptable. Cannot be driven in condition of low headroom.

    36. NON-DISPLACEMENT PILES Sometimes a shaft (or hole) is excavated and the soil is replaced with concrete to form a pile. This type of pile is called a replacement pile, or a non-displacement pile.

    38. ADVANTAGES Material forming pile is not governed by handling or driving stresses. Can be installed in very long lengths. No ground heave. Can be installed in conditions of low headroom.

    39. DISADVANTAGES Special techniques needed for concreting in water-bearing soils. Concrete cannot be inspected after installation. Enlarge bases cannot be formed in cohesion less soils. Cannot be extended above ground level without special adoption.

    40. THE END

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