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Diversity in ecosystems is studied through the lenses of ecology and genetics, focusing on interactions among organisms and their environments. Key aspects include understanding how physiological changes allow organisms to cope with environmental shifts, limits on their habitation, and change in population sizes. Population ecology investigates dynamics within species, while community ecology examines interactions among different species. Ecosystem ecology encompasses nutrient cycling and energy flow, highlighting the interconnectedness of communities and their habitats.
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How Do We Study and Understand Diversity • Ecology and Genetics are the primary avenues • Ecology – study of interactions of organisms with environment and with other organisms • Interactions – potential selective forces
Tools of Ecology • Physiology • Genetics (population genetics) • Statistics • Molecular Ecology
Physiology – Ecology of the Individual • What environmental factors limit where an organism live? • How does it cope with change? • Should it’s physiology change with the environment or remain constant?
Range of Tolerance Range of Tolerance
Population Ecology • Population – group of individuals of the same species living within a given area • Change in population size • Population genetics • Variation • Persistence • Intraspecific interactions • Competition • Sexual selection
Community Ecology • Community – two or more species living in a given area • Competition • Predation • Other symbiotic interactions
Avoid Capture Grouping behavior
Ecosystem Ecology • Ecosystem – the communities and the environmental conditions of a given area • Nutrient cycling • Energy Flow