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Convegno Internazionale Le Vie Della Lana New perspectives on fine fibre animals research

UNICAM, Ottobre 2007. Convegno Internazionale Le Vie Della Lana New perspectives on fine fibre animals research. Hugh Galbraith. Email: h.galbraith@abdn.ac.uk. Aberdeen and Matelica/Camerino ( ): West Coast of Scotland ( ). New perspectives…. Following recent review in….

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Convegno Internazionale Le Vie Della Lana New perspectives on fine fibre animals research

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  1. UNICAM, Ottobre 2007 Convegno InternazionaleLe Vie Della LanaNew perspectives on fine fibre animals research Hugh Galbraith Email: h.galbraith@abdn.ac.uk

  2. Aberdeen and Matelica/Camerino ( ): West Coast of Scotland ( )

  3. New perspectives….. Following recent review in…. Presentation on conclusions of research on: • Wool producing animals • Basic structures in skin for fibre production • Fibre growth patterns • Nutrition

  4. Ecological production: fibre from animals: new thinking • Product from environments which need not compete with intensive plant production (food, biofuels) • Renewable sustainable product… compared with oil-based products and • Is getting expensive • Maintain human habitation on land…

  5. Hair fibre biology: background primary secondary • Hair produced in 1o and associated 2o follicles in the skin. 2o follicle products (eg cashmere, mohair, alpaca) most valuable. 1o follicle products coarser, limited commercial value - contaminant of 2o follicle products • may compete for nutrients • Vary among animal BREEDS

  6. Scottish Breeds (Blackface) Predominant coarse outer coat (10)

  7. Scottish Breeds Course wool • Blackface/Cheviot up to 5kg) etc: coarse wool ( < 30 µm); • Hardwearing, carpets ( clothing- Harris TweedTM ) • – West Coast of Scotland – Nike trainers))

  8. Scottish Blackface UK sheep breeds: Uplands Swaledale Cheviot

  9. Welsh Halfbred UK sheep breeds: half breeds Scottish Halfbred Scottish Greyface

  10. UK: Common lowland breeds Border Leicester Bluefaced Leicester

  11. Suffolk UK sheep breeds: meat production: terminal sires Texel

  12. Such UK sheep breeds: conclusion • Quality of fleece generally of limited economic value • Costs of shearing sometimes hardly covered • One solution??? • Source animals with finer, more valuable fibre

  13. Merino sheep • “Single coat” (20), ( 10,d20 limited activity)fine fibre with high yield

  14. Merino type Fine wool • Merino… genotypes > 16µm • Yields: 5 kg+ (!!!!) • Use: fine quality garments and textiles

  15. Goat “wool”Angora: mohair • Predominantly single “coat”, high yield (10 lose activity by 3 months postnatal)

  16. Goat “wool” Cashmere-bearing goat • “Double-coated” animal (20 cashmere lower yield: 10 remains active), depending on genotype

  17. Feral cashmere goat on west coast of Scotland

  18. Goats(20 follicle products) • Cashmere-”bearing” ( 11-18+µm); 0.05 -1.0kg (Chinese): (Daylength-sensitive) • Angora goats (mohair) ( 22 - 35µm): 2.0 - 5.0kg (limited effect of daylength). • Smooth cuticular surface, strong uptake of dyes ) • Cashgora (intermediate) • NB Contamination with 10 follicle productsincluding medullated coarse fibres

  19. South American Camelids( 20 follicle products) • Vicuna: double coated (< 15 μm) • Guanaco: double coated (15-18μm)(0.5-1.5kg,UK) (medullated) • Alpaca: single coated (18-30μm)(1.5-5.5kg) • (Domesticated) ( Suri vs Huacaya genotypes) • Llama: double coated (>20μm)(1.5-2.0kg) • (Domesticated) • NB: Yield greatest in males + increasingage but • reduced fineness: typical general response in animals

  20. Angora rabbit (20 “Angora”fibreproduct very fine and hollow providing good insulation).

  21. Angora rabbits • Production: 1.1-1.5 kg/year ( 30% of body weight) • Diameter (10-13µm: medullated) • NB Husbandry ( avoid staining, contamination of fibre (cages – animal welfare in UK)

  22. Hair follicle biology: where wool comes from • Hair follicles are complex structures • Vary in size and accessory structures • (sudoriferous gland; arrector pili muscle only in 10 fibres) • Shape and lustre of hair fibre product is important • PIGMENTATION/COLOUR • Patterns of activity varies

  23. SKIN SURFACE SKIN dimensions 2.5 mm (length) 0.1 mm (width) • Season effects: Follicle cycle • Anagen • Growing • Catagen • Stops growing • Telogen • Follicle rests • Anagen • Hair sheds • Follicle reforms and fibre grows again HAIR FOLLICLE IN SKIN Fibre New fibre Sebaceous gland Fibre cuticle Cortex (new fibre) New cells

  24. Optimal fibre growth Rate of growth • Fast cell division • Long anagen phase • Small diameter - depends on: • Number of cortical cells • Size of cortical cells • Rates of proliferation • Dimensions of dermal papilla d.p. diameter

  25. Importance of whole animal - fibre only one component… • Nutrients used for • Affected by growth, lactation, pregnancy maintenance + production • Hair follicles affected by • competition for nutrients with other tissues (protein, energy, vitamins, minerals etc.) • Fibre production usually has high priority

  26. Sheep Wool: Increased protein in diet • Give more fibre on high protein diet (one study). • Rate of fleece production, + 33% • Fibre diameter, + 8% • Rate of length growth, + 26%

  27. Sheep Wool: Increased protein in diet • N.B. Sheep wool response to dietary protein supply is usually greater than in cashmere (Yield (weight ) and diameter). • Don`t forget : • ALSO OTHER NUTRIENTS, such as ENERGY, minerals and vitamins…

  28. Strathisla Distillery Grazie per la vostra attenzione Caledonian Pine-Glen Affric Eilean Donan castle by night Standing stones in Calanais, Lewis Highland cow Departmental website: www.abdn.ac.uk/agfor

  29. Hair Fibre Function: Evolutionary Advantage • Environmental protection • Response to environmental change • Thermal insulation • Dispersal of scents, pheromones • Inter-animal/ recognition, display • What happens in cells of the follicle?

  30. Epidermis G Follicle neck Glands! Dermis SKIN dimensions 2.5 mm (length) 0.1 mm (width) • Season effects: • Anagen • Matrix cell division • Protein Deposition • Hair growth • Catagen • Apoptosis of matrix • Club hair forms • Telogen • Follicle shortens, resting • Anagen • Hair sheds • Follicle reforms F Sloughing Zone E Consolidation Zone Outer root sheath Inner root sheath D Keratogenous Zone Embryo/Fetus Development Epidermis dermis Chemical Signals - developing follicle Fibre cuticle Cortex Blood Vessels Hair follicle gene Expression Dermal papilla C B Elongation Zone Pre-elongation Zone A Mitotic zone of bulb (Proto-oncogenes) Vascular Basement membrane Pilary canal Sebaceous gland Fibre cuticle Cortex

  31. Hair fibre end product: structure, cellularity, protein composition

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