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Evidence-Based Medicine: introduction

Evidence-Based Medicine: introduction. Natapong Kosachunhanun, M.D. Dr. Sydney Burwell, Dean of Harvard Medical School, 1956.

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Evidence-Based Medicine: introduction

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  1. Evidence-Based Medicine:introduction Natapong Kosachunhanun, M.D.

  2. Dr. Sydney Burwell, Dean of Harvard Medical School, 1956 Mystudentaredismayedwhen I saytothem. ”Halfofwhatyouaretaughtasmedicalstudentswillin 10 yearshavebeenshowntobewrong.Andthetroubleis, noneofyourteacherknowswhichhalf.”

  3. Rule 31 – Review the World Literature Fortnightly**"Kill as Few Patients as Possible" - Oscar London 5,000? per day 1,500 per day 95 per day Medical Articles Per Year

  4. Early human trials Bench Research Controlled trials Ideas Development of a Research Idea For Application to Clinical Practice Clinical Practice

  5. Controlled trials The “Evidence Transfer Gap” Clinical Practice

  6. Textbook/Review Recommendations 0.5 1.0 2.0 Cumulative Year RCTs Pts 1 23 Not Mentioned 1960 Experimental Rare/Never Routine Specific 2 65 1965 3 149 21 5 4 316 1970 7 1793 1 10 10 2544 1 2 P<.01 11 2651 15 3311 2 8 17 3929 22 5452 7 23 5767 1980 8 1 12 27 6125 P<.001 30 6346 M 8 1 4 1985 33 6571 M 7 43 21 059 1 3 M 54 22 051 P<.00001 5 2 2 M 1 65 47 185 67 47 531 M 15 8 1 1990 70 48 154 M 6 1 Odds Ratio (Log Scale) Favours Treatment Favours Control ThrombolyticTherapy for Acute MI

  7. Aware Accept Target Doable Recall Agree Done Valid Research Many “Leaks” from research & practice If 80% achieved at each stage then0.8 x 0.8 x 0.8 x 0.8 x 0.8 x 0.8 x 0.8 = 0.21

  8. Patient Concerns Best research evidence Clinical Expertise EBM What is evidence-based medicine? “Evidence-based medicine is the integration of best research evidence with clinical expertise and patient values” - Dave Sackett

  9. Evidence based practice

  10. Information “pull”Steps in EBM process • Formulate an answerable question • Track down the best evidence • Critically appraise the evidence • Integrate with clinical expertise and patient values

  11. Good questions are the backbone of practicing EBM. It takes practice to ask the well-formulated question.

  12. SPECIFIC KNOWLEDGE TYPE OF QUESTION GENERAL KNOWLEDGE CLINICAL EXPERIENCE The nature of the question asked is critically experience dependent.

  13. What type of question you are asking? • Clinical finding • Diagnosis • Prognosis • Therapy • Prevention

  14. Dave Sackett Sackett’s “Just in Time” learningAn EBM Approach to Education • Evidence cart on ward rounds - 1995 • Looked up 2-3 questions per patient • Took 15-90 seconds to find • Change about 1/3 decisions • Rounds took longer!

  15. conclusion • Clinical decision should be based on best available scientific evidence, informed by epidemiological and biostatical reasoning. • Clinical problem should determine the evidence to be sought. • Conclusion from identified and critically appraised evidence must lead to changed patient management or health care decision. • Clinical performance should be constantly evaluated.

  16. กาลามสูตร • กาลามสูตรเป็นหลักแห่งความเชื่อที่พระพุทธองค์ทรงวางไว้ให้แก่พุทธศาสนิกชน ไม่ให้เชื่อสิ่งใด ๆ อย่างงมงายโดยไม่ใช้ปัญญาพิจารณาให้เห็นจริงถึงคุณโทษหรือดีไม่ดีก่อนเชื่อ • อย่าเพิ่งเชื่อตามที่ฟังๆ กันมา • อย่าเพิ่งเชื่อตามที่ทำต่อๆ กันมา • อย่าเพิ่งเชื่อตามคำเล่าลือ • อย่าเพิ่งเชื่อโดยอ้างตำรา • อย่าเพิ่งเชื่อโดยนึกเดา • อย่าเพิ่งเชื่อโดยคาดคะเนเอา • อย่าเพิ่งเชื่อโดยนึกคิดตามแนวเหตุผล • อย่าเพิ่งเชื่อเพราะถูกกับทฤษฎีของตน • อย่าเพิ่งเชื่อเพราะมีรูปลักษณ์ที่ควรเชื่อได้ • อย่าเพิ่งเชื่อเพราะผู้พูดเป็นครูบาอาจารย์ของตน

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