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MICR 304 Immunology & Serology

MICR 304 Immunology & Serology. Lecture 1 Overview Chapter 1. Immunology. Recognition of self and non-self Antigens Elimination of non-self Exogenous targets Microbes Allergens Foreign material Endogenous targets Tumors. Microbial Targets of the Immune System.

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MICR 304 Immunology & Serology

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  1. MICR 304 Immunology & Serology Lecture 1 Overview Chapter 1

  2. Immunology • Recognition of self and non-self • Antigens • Elimination of non-self • Exogenous targets • Microbes • Allergens • Foreign material • Endogenous targets • Tumors

  3. Microbial Targets of the Immune System (Pictures from Tortora et al, 2004)

  4. Allergens

  5. Foreign Bodies http://www.mdchoice.com/photo/pto0023.asp

  6. Tumors as Targets Tumor Cell NK-Cell Before Breast cancer After

  7. Response No response Desired response Response associated with disease

  8. The Birth of the Science “Immunology” • Edward Jenner (England, 1796) • Cowpox (vaccinia) protects against small pox • First reported vaccination

  9. Milestones in Immunology • Metchnikoff 1884 • Phagocytosis • Pasteur 1885 • Systematic development of a vaccine (rabies) • von Behring and Kitasato 1890 • Discovered antibodies • Landsteiner 1902 • Blood groups • Wassermann 1906 • Complement fixation test • Fleming 1921 • Lysozyme • Jacob & Wollmann 1953 • Clonal selection theory • Porter 1962 • Antibody structure • Koehler & Milstein 1975 • Monoclonal antibodies

  10. A Major Principle in Immunology: Antibody:Antigen Binding • Antibody: a host protein that binds specifically to a molecule (soluble or particular) • Antigen: any molecule that can be recognized by and bound to an antibody; typically induces production of antibodies in the host (“antibody generating”)

  11. Evolution of Immunity Innate Immunity Jawed fish Adaptive Immunity

  12. Two Arms of Host Defense • Adaptive immunity • Acquired • Available within days • Specificity • Memory • In higher vertebrates • Innate immunity • Natural immunity • Defense system functional at birth • Preformed or available within hours after infection • Pattern recognition • Widely present in nature Innate Adaptive

  13. Key Players in Immunology

  14. Epithelial cells Barrier Phagocytes Ingest Kill Digest NK-cells Lyse infected cells or tumor cells B-lymphocytes Produce antibodies T-helper lymphocytes Strengthen defense cells to improve their function Regulate immune responses T-killer lymphocytes Lyse with specificty infected cells or tumor cells Defense Cells Have Specific Tasks

  15. Infection Triggers an Innate Inflammatory Response

  16. Dendritic Cells Initiate Adaptive Immune Responses

  17. Adaptive Immune Responses Augment Innate Immune Responses

  18. Immune Cells Interact via Cytokines and Surface Molecules

  19. Immune Cells are also Activated by Defense Molecules

  20. Time Course of the Immune Response

  21. Most Immune Cells are Found in Blood Granulocytes Lymphocytes Monocytes Natural Killer Cells

  22. Normal Blood Distribution of Leukocytes • Neutrophils: 40-75% • Lymphocytes: 20-50% • Monocytes: 2-10% • Eosinophils: 1-6% • Basophils: <1%

  23. Most Immune Cells Originate in the Bone Marrow • Hematopoiesis • Development of blood cells and constituent • All blood cells originate from the pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell Bone marrow, higher power Bone marrow, low power

  24. Hematopoiesis

  25. Hematopoiesis by Other Organs • Sites • Spleen, liver • Condition • Normal fetal sites of hematopoiesis • Malignancies • Myelofibrosis (bone marrow replaced by fibrotic tissue) • Precursor cells are found in blood

  26. Immature Blood Cells in Peripheral Blood • More acidophil cytoplasma • Large cells with nuclei • Prominent nucleoli

  27. Lymphatic Tissue • Central • Bone marrow • Thymus • Secondary • Spleen • Lymph nodes • GALT (gut associated lymphatic tissue) • Tonsils • Peyer’s patches • Appendix Production Interaction with Ag Maturation

  28. Thymus Bone marrow precursor Immature T-Cells Mature naive T-Cells Hassall’s corpuscule (Cell destruction?) Blood stream

  29. Lymph Node

  30. The Spleen

  31. Organization of the Spleen • White pulpa • Leukocytes arranged around the blood vessels and sinuses • Red pulpa: • Blood vessels and sinuses • Marginal Zone • Border between white and red pulpa

  32. Peyer’s Patches

  33. Appendix

  34. References • Janeway’s Immunobiology, 7th edition, 2008 • Textbook of Hematology, McKenzie, 2nd edition, 1996 • Microbiology: An Introduction; Tortora et al, 8th edition, 2004 • http://www-medlib.med.utah.edu/WebPath/HEMEHTML/HEMEIDX.html • http://www.siumed.edu/%7Edking2/erg/smallint.htm • Primary literature: available per request

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