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NEW EMERGING AND REEMERGING DISEASES •

NEW EMERGING AND REEMERGING DISEASES •. Definitions • New Emerging infectious diseases newly identified or previously unknown infections • Re-emerging infectious diseases re-appearance of, or increase in number of, infections from a disease previously known.

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NEW EMERGING AND REEMERGING DISEASES •

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  1. NEW EMERGING AND REEMERGING DISEASES •

  2. Definitions •New Emerging infectious diseases newly identified or previously unknown infections •Re-emerging infectious diseases re-appearance of, or increase in number of, infections from a disease previously known

  3. New Emerging Infectious Diseases: Definition Diseases of infectious origin whose incidence in humans has increased within the recent past or threatens to increase in the near future, including: previously unknown infectious diseases; known but appearing in new geographic areas; or increase abruptly;

  4. Infectious Diseases: A World in Transition

  5. •The human species Continues to change and to change its surroundings: the ways we live, work, relax; the places we go; the foods we eat ... •The changing nature of our interactions with each other and with our environment alters the dynamics of disease epidemiology and exposes us to new threats.

  6. ENVIRONTMENT

  7. EMERGING DISEASES ARE NOT NEW TO MANKIND

  8. NEWLY IDENTIFIED PHATOGENS (1973- 1989) 1973 Rotavirus 1975 Parvovirus B19 1976 Cryptosporidium parvum 1977 Ebola virus, Legionella pneumophilia, Hantaan virus, Campylobacter jejuni 1980 HTLV-1 1981 Staphylococcus toxin 1982 E. coli O157, HTLV-2, Borrelia burgdoferi 1983 HIV virus, Helicobacter pylori 1988 HHV-6, Hepatitis E 1989 Ehrlichia chaffeensis, Hepatitis C

  9. Newly identified pathogens (1990 - 1999) 1990 Guanarito virus 1991 Encephalitozzon hellem 1992 Vibrio cholerae O139 1992 Bartonella henselae 1993 Sabia virus 1995 Hepatitis G virus 1995 Human herpesvirus-8 1996 TSE causing agent (nvCJD) 1997 Avian influenza (Type A H5N1) 1999 Nipah virus, Avian Influenza H9N1, Stealth viruses

  10. Newly identified pathogens (1997 – 2009) •1998 Nipah encephalitis •2003 SARS •2004 Avian influenza H5N1 •2006 Chikungunya- re-emergence •2009 Pandemic influenza A H1N1

  11. Since 1973 39 newly identified pathogens, examples : 1973 Rotavirus 1977 Ebola virus, Hantaan virus 1980 HTLV-1 1983 HIV virus H pylori 1988 Hepatitis E 1992 Vibrio cholerae O139 1996 Avian influenza A (H5N1) 1999 Nipah virus 2003 SARS Others re-emerged Dengue/DHF Cholera Malaria Chikungunya J. Encephalitis Leptospirosis N.meningitidis

  12.  Current estimates- 1,415 microbes are infectious for human.  Of these, 868 (61%) considered zoonotic.  70% of newly recognized pathogens are zoonoses.

  13.  Current estimates- 1,415 microbes are infectious for human.  Of these, 868 (61%) considered zoonotic.  70% of newly recognized pathogens are zoonoses.

  14. Risk factors for emerging zoonoses: close human animal interface in Asia

  15. Examples of recent emerging and re-emerging diseases

  16. Emergence of HPAI (H5N1) 2003-June 2008 a total of 385 cases with 243 deaths

  17. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF PROBABLE CASES

  18. SARS: THE FIRST EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASE OF THE 21ST CENTURY

  19. EMERGENCY DENGUE FEVER/DENGUE HAEMORRHAGIC FEVER

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